Below you will find a list of the Branches of biology And explain what they study.
Biology is the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy.
Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of many branches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain unifying concepts within it that consolidate it into a single coherent field.
In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation of new species.
The subdisciplines of biology are defined by the scale at which organisms are studied, the types of organisms studied and the methods used to study them.
Aerobiology
According to Belmonte (2016) this branch of biology studies everything related to living airborne organisms: their diversity, how they affect the environment, ways of life, characteristics, etc.
farming
It is dedicated to the study and development of techniques and activities for the cultivation of land: soil treatment, planting and harvesting crops to obtain vegetable products (vegetables, fruits, grains, grasses) for human and livestock feed. The science that deals with the study of agriculture as a practice is agronomy.
Anatomy
Science that studies the internal structures of living beings (animals, humans, plants).
Histology
Branch of biology that studies everything related to the organic tissues of living beings.
Astrobiology
It studies life in the universe as well as its origin, evolution, distribution, search for extraterrestrial life, etc.
Cellular Biology
Also called cell biochemistry, it studies the fundamental unit of living beings: the cell, at the microscopic and / or molecular level, its properties, structures, organs, interactions in the environment, life cycle, etc.
Developmental biology
Study of the process by which an organism develops at molecular, cellular, genetic and evolutionary levels.
Embryology
Study the formation and development of the embryo.
Evolutionary Biology
It studies the origin and the changes of the species over time (its evolution).
Marine biology
It studies the plants, animals and other living organisms that inhabit the marine ecosystem, as well as their conservation, interaction, etc.
Molecular biology
A branch of science that studies the formation, structure and function of molecules essential for life, such as nucleic acids and proteins, especially their role in cell replication and the transmission of genetic information.
Bioclimatology
It analyzes how the climate is related to the different territories of the earth to be able to predict the influence of the same on the living beings and the effect that causes in the morphological and structural characteristics of the flora, vegetation and landscape.
Biophysics
Also known as physical biology, it is an interdisciplinary science that applies theories, methods and precepts of physics for the analysis of biological phenomena.
Biogeography
It studies the distribution of the living beings on the terrestrial surface and the different patterns that arise from this.
Bioinformatics
Application of computer technologies in the field of biology; More specifically everything related to the study, management and data collection.
Bioengineering
Also called biological engineering or biomedical engineering, it is a relatively new discipline that deals with the biological or medical application of the principles of engineering for the creation of new technologies and therapies.
Biomathematics
Interdisciplinary science that models natural and biological processes through the use of mathematical tools and techniques.
Biochemistry
Scientific discipline that studies the structure and chemical composition of living matter, especially proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other molecules, in addition to their functions and the transformations they experience throughout their lives.
Biotechnology
Biological technology, uses biological machinery, living organisms or biological systems for the creation of processes and products intended for a specific use.
Botany
Scientific study of plants.
Chronobiology
Study the time and biological rhythms of living organisms.
Biological conservation
It is concerned with the preservation of habitat, ecosystems and species to avoid possible extinctions and maintain biodiversity.
Cryobiology
It studies the effects of low temperatures on living organisms and what are the processes that occur when biological material is subjected to low temperatures.
Ecology
Science that studies the relationships of different living beings with each other and the environment in which they live.
Epidemiology
It investigates matters concerning public health and factors affecting health in populations.
Ethnobiology
Study of the dynamic relations between human beings, flora fauna and the environment.
Pharmacology
Study the preparation and use of different drugs and synthetic medicines.
Physiology
It is dedicated to the analysis of the functions of the living organism and how it performs its vital functions and activities.
Genetics
Study of the genes and mechanisms that regulate the transmission of the hereditary load.
Geobiology
It combines geology and biology to determine the interactions that occur between organisms and the environment.
Hematology
It studies the organs that produce the blood and the immunological elements present in it, as well as the diseases that are manifested by the alteration of the normal hematological values.
Immunobiology
It studies the structure and function of the immune system and the interaction with different antigens and antibodies.
Medicine
Science that studies everything related to health, prevention of diseases, cures, alleviating physical pain, etc.
Microbiology
Branch of biology that studies the microorganisms and the effects of these on other living organisms.
Bacteriology
Study of bacteria.
Mycology
Study of fungi.
parasitology
Study of the parasites.
Virology
Study of viruses and other viral agents.
Neurobiology
It studies the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the nervous system.
Paleontology
It studies the fossils and analyzes the evidence that confirms the existence of life in prehistory.
Pathology
According to Robertson (2016), it is a branch of medical science that is responsible for studying the causes, origin, development and nature of diseases.
Primatology
Science that is in charge of studying primates.
Psychobiology
Functional study and mental behavior in relation to other biological processes.
Sociobiology
He studies biology on the foundations of sociology.
Toxicology
It is dedicated to studying how natural poisons are created that cause undesirable effects on living organisms
Zoology
It treats animals and animal life, including its structure, physiology, development, behavior and classification.
Ethology
Study of human and animal behavior.
Entomology
Study insects.
Herpetology
Study reptiles and amphibians.
Ichthyology
Study the fish.
Mammalogy
Study mammals.
Ornithology
Study the birds.
References
- Alcaráz, Francisco (2013). "Bioclimatology". University of Murcia, Spain. Taken from um.es.
- Alcaráz, Francisco (2013). "Bioclimatology with R". University of Murcia, Spain. Taken from um.es.
- Belmonte, J. & Roure, J.R. (2016). What is aerobiology?. Aerobiological Information Point. Taken from uab.cat.
- Mandal, Ananya (2014). "What is Molecular Biology?". Taken from News-medical.net.
- Mayr, Ernst (1998). "This is Biology." The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Robertson, Sally (2016). "What is Pathology?". Taken from News-medical.net.
- Sztein, Jorge (2013). "Principles of Cryobiology". Taken from Bioterios.com.