The Genres of romance Are the areas of art in which this movement reached its maximum expression. He romanticism Was a movement not only artistic but also ideological that developed in Europe between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.
This movement began in Germany, thanks to the contributions of Friedrich Siegel and other artists, as a reaction against neoclassicism and against rationalism.
Because romanticism was opposed to another artistic movement (the Neoclassicism ), Expanded in all artistic genres to supplant neoclassical ideals in each of these genres.
In this way, romanticism as an artistic movement reached a high level of expression in the narrative, in the theater, in poetry (the three belonging to the literary genre).
Among the exponents of this genre are Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Bryon and John Keats.
Similarly, in the pictorial genre, Romanticism had great exponents. The most outstanding artists of this genre were William Turner and John Constable.
Finally, in the musical genre, Romanticism presented great composers and performers like Beethoven, Mozart and Chopin.
Romanticism in literature
In Germany
Romanticism arises in Germany. In this country, the literary genre develops largely thanks to the works of Schiller and Goethe.
As for the theory about romanticism, the brothers Wilhelm and Friedrich Schlegel were the greatest exponents in this area. Your magazine Athenäum Was one of the first spaces in which manifestations of the romanticist movement were published.
As for the narrative, The most prominent authors were:
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. His most outstanding works are"Las cuitas del joven Werther"(considered the highest representation of romantic ideals) and"Fausto".
- Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, better known as the Grimm brothers, who published short stories of horror, mystery and fantasy.
- Ernst T. A. Hoffmann, who mixes fantastic elements with reality. His most outstanding work is"Cuentos".
As for poetry, German romanticism presents great lyric poets. Poets can be divided into two groups: those belonging to the first romanticism and those belonging to the second romanticism.
To the first romanticism, belong Chamisso, Tieck, Richter and Novalis. Friedrich Von Hardenberg, better known as Novalis, considered that the poet's work was a prediction of the events of the near future.
Its most outstanding work is"Hymns to the night", poem inspired by a young deceased of whom Novalis had fallen in love.
The second romanticism belongs to Friedrich Hölderlin. In the work of Friedrich Hölderin, one observes the passion for the classic elements. For example,"Hyperion"and"Death of Empedocles"have clear references to the Greek world.
In the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the romanticism had its maximum expression in the poetry. Three were the most important artists: Lord Bryon, Bysshe Shelley and John Keats.
The most important works of Lord Byron were"The pilgrimage of Childe Harold","The corsair"and"The lament of Tasso".
In their poems, the protagonists are maladjusted individuals who do not conform to the conditions in which they live. This is the prototypical character of Romanticism.
Bysshe Shelley's most outstanding poems were"Adonais"(in honor of John Keats, after his death),"Ode to the west wind"and"Ode to a lark". Bysshe Shelley's work is characterized by the rhythm and musicality of his verses.
Finally, the work of John Keats is reduced, because he died very young because of tuberculosis. In spite of this, his poems are of the maximum representations of lyrical romanticism. Between his works they emphasize"Oda to psyche","Ode to a nightingale"and"Ode to a Greek urn".
In Spain
In Spain, romanticism arrives late, in 1835, when the work"Don Álvaro"of the Duke of Rivas is premiered.
The Spanish romantic prose is full of manners, of the taste for the representation of local elements. The most outstanding prose writers were Serafín Estébanez Calderón, Mariano José de Larra and Ramon de Mesonero Romans.
As for the Spanish Romantic poetry, this is characterized by the freedom of the verses, which is evident in the breakdown of the metric. The most outstanding poets are Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer and José de Espronceda.
For its part, the drama was well received in Spain as neoclassical works were never fully accepted in the country. The most outstanding playwright was Francisco Martínez de la Rosa.
Romanticism in painting
In painting, one can observe the tendency towards nationalism and the exaltation of the individuality of each country. The characteristics of medieval art, especially Gothic, are taken up again. Exotic elements that attract attention are also included.
The topics covered in the painting were as follows:
- Nature, which served as a vehicle for transmitting emotions And the thoughts of the artists.
- Childhood, which represented innocence and life without conflict.
- Nostalgia. According to the romantics, the past was the key to understanding the present. For this reason, the romantic artists took up the values of the past, mainly Greco-Romans.
- The beauty, which was expressed through the emotions of the artist.
The most outstanding painters of this period are William Turner, John Constable, Goya, Géricault, Barye and Chassériau.
Romanticism in music
In music, romanticism is characterized by the tendency to individualism. This characteristic is expressed through the brilliance and virtuosity of the works.
This means that works are often demanding for the performer in terms of the clarity of the sounds that are being produced and the technique used.
Expressivity is another element that preoccupies romantic musicians. It is considered that the performer must be a vehicle of emotions, which will be transmitted through the musical notes.
The maximum Exponents of romanticism Are Mozart and Haydn (who are sometimes considered predecessors and not belonging to the movement itself), Liszt, Schubert, Schumann, Chopin and Wagner.
References
- Romanticism. Retrieved on August 7, 2017, from britannica.com
- Romanticism. Retrieved on August 7, 2017, from metmuseum.org
- Romantiscm. Retrieved on August 7, 2017, from newworldencyclopedia.org
- Romanticism. Retrieved on August 7, 2017, from shmoop.com
- Romanticism. Retrieved on August 7, 2017, from khanacademy.org
- Romanticism. Terms and Themes. Retrieved on August 7, 2017, from coursesite.uhcl.edu
- Romanticism. Retrieved on August 7, 2017, from mtholyoke.edu