The Discursive resources Are procedures that are used to organize texts. They are given in almost all types of texts.
These texts can be narrative and expository, not only Argumentative . Among the most important discursive resources are definition, analogy, quotations, cumulative enumeration, exemplification, and interrogation.
Normally, the discursive resources serve for the receiver or reader to understand or can see the intentionality of the issuer or author of the text.
To emphasize this intentionality, discursive resources are usually accompanied by prosodic resources that refer to other factors when reading such as volume or intonation.
Types of discursive resources
The definition
The definition is usually used when it is argued, especially to explain certain concepts. For example, when an argumentator wants to develop his knowledge, he uses definitions to clarify his point of view.
The analogy
Also called"comparison", it is used so that the listener or reader can more easily understand what he wants to explain. Do not confuse"analogy"with"examples". The analogy is a comparison to approach complex concepts, while the example is a concrete example of the concept to be explained.
The dates
Appointments are used to highlight an idea through phrases that are usually from respected authors or professionals in their own.
The purpose of citations is to give importance and authenticity to the concepts of the argumentative. For example, when an expert in Literature quotes a recognized author to support his speech.
The cumulative enumeration
The enumeration serves to intensify an argument. If used cumulatively, speech gains strength and it is easier to"convince"or reach a reader or audience. For example, when you enumerate examples to prove a point.
The exemplification
It is one of the discursive resources that are most used in co-attitude. The example is a tool that serves to emphasize a point of view or a theoretical position.
However, examples are often misleading because they portray a personal experience. They are used, for example, when you want to bring to the concrete an abstract explanation.
The interrogation
Asking questions in an argument is a didactic and critical tool. It serves to generate provocation, challenge a speech or highlight the knowledge of an interlocutor. For example, it is used when an argumentator wants to advance his argument by making the listeners or readers participate.
Speeches: definition and explanation
Speeches can be understood as systems of shared meanings that we use to make sense. They cover metaphors, representations, images, stories, statements, which somehow together produce a particular version of events.
Speeches define how we think, speak, and act around contexts. Different discourses build the phenomena of the world and have different implications for what we must do. Therefore, discourses allow us to see the world in a certain way and in that sense produce our knowledge of the world.
Speech researchers often work with texts, such as transcripts of conversations, written documents, and business memos.
Definition and explanation of the meaning of the discourse
The making of sense is based on the process of constructing the identity . This process is seen as retrospective through the reflective examination of lived experiences.
Individuals are intimately connected with their social environment and through their interactions create their limitations and opportunities. Thus, the making of sense is a process by which the concept is constructed in the context of others.
Analysis of discursive resources
Discourse analysis is a broad term used to study the ways in which language is used in texts and contexts.
Developed in the 1970s, the field of discourse analysis deals with the use of language in a common discourse, continued in several phrases, and involving the interaction of the speaker (or writer) and the auditor (or reader) in a specific situation .
Discourse analysis has been described as an interdisciplinary discourse study within linguistics, although it has also been adopted (and adapted) by researchers in many other fields in linguistics. social Sciences .
The theoretical perspectives and approaches used in discourse analysis include the following: applied linguistics, conversation analysis, pragmatics, rhetoric, stylistic and textual linguistics, among many others.
Discourse analysis does not presuppose a bias toward the study of oral or written language. In fact, the monolithic character of the categories of speech and writing has been widely questioned, mainly because the analysts' perspective turns to the multimedia texts and practices on Internet .
In the same way, it is finally objected to the reduction of the discursive to the so-called"outer layer"of the use of language, although such a reduction reveals quite a lot about how particular versions of discourse have been enabled by reasonings that are specific to the history of Linguistics as a discipline.
Types of Discourse Analysis
There are numerous"types"or theories of discourse analysis. Critical discourse or analysis is always a question of interpretation. As there is no solid data provided through discourse analysis, the reliability and validity of the results of an investigation depends on the strength and logic of one's arguments.
Even the best constructed arguments are subject to their own deconstructive reading and counter-interpretations. The validity of critical analysis, therefore, depends on the quality of rhetoric. Despite this, well-founded arguments remain valid over time and have concrete applications.
Discourse analysis and critical thinking are applicable to each situation and to each subject. The new perspective provided by discourse analysis allows for personal growth and a high level of creative fulfillment.
No technology or funding is necessary and authoritarian discourse analysis can lead to fundamental changes in the practices of an institution, profession or society as a whole.
However, discourse analysis does not provide definite answers. It is not a"hard"science, but a knowledge based on continuous debate and argumentation.
References
- Discourse Analysis-What Speakers In Conversation. (S.f.). Retrieved from linguisticsociety.org.
- What is meant by discourse analysis? (S.f.). Retrieved from english.ugent.be.
- Hafez Abdo. Discursive Resources: top managers' identities and the long-term survival of their organizations. (S.f.). Retrieved from irep.ntu.ac.uk.
- Discursive Resources. (2008). Retrieved from onlinelibrary.wiley.com.
- Ian Parker. Discursive resources in the Discourse Unit (s.f.). Recovered from extra.shu.ac.uk.