The Lyrical subgenera Are all those classifications in which the lyrical genre can be manifested, in which emotions are framed in the frame framed in different literary figures that amplify their understanding.
Lyric is a literary genre in which the author conveys feelings with a certain depth and can manifest itself in very different ways from each other.
Generally, the lyric appears in verse form, especially in poetry. However, the presence of lyric in prose is not negligible.
The historical presence of the lyric transcends the present era. One of the earliest recorded manifestations of this literary genre is the Rigveda, a text written in Sanskrit and probably the oldest found written in an Indo-European language. This writing is composed of hymns and is written between 1700 and 1100 BC.
It was not until ancient Greece when the lyric was consolidated like genre and from there its expansion began in the western culture. Name lyric Comes precisely from this historical moment, since the sonnets were recited to the son of the lyre.
At present, this genre is subdivided into many types and the understanding manifests itself in much of modern literature.
Classifications of the lyric: subgenera
As in any literary genre, lyrical has several subdivisions that allow its study to be done in a more specific way. Some of them are:
Song
It is one of the most popular types of lyric and has been represented throughout history at different times. In the song, composite feelings are expressed, generally in verses, destined to be reproduced in music.
The lyric song had its peak in the Middle Ages , With innovative works like The Songbook Scored by Francesco Petrarca. At present, it manifests itself through lyric singing, especially in choirs, orchestras and operas, with the participation of tenors, sopranos and many other singers of this subgenus. It differs from other types of singers by the length and depth of the voice.
Ode
Part of the admiration and veneration. The ode can be understood as a poem that has a deep reflective character, but at the same time, its purpose is the veneration or exaltation of a certain quality, object, environment or person.
In ancient Greece, the ode was made to the mythological deities, the military victories or the beauty, framed in a reflection on its paper.
In the Middle Ages he had one of his greatest representatives to Fray Luis de León, who made more than 23 odes, among which are the Ode to Life Withdrawn Y To Our Lady .
Later, in 1785 the German poet Friedrich von Schiller published the Oda a la Alegría , Of which later Ludwig van Beethoven would be inspired to make Symphony No. 9, known as Hymn to Joy And which is currently an Hymn of the European Union.
Eclogue
The dialogues reach the lyric through the eclogue. In it, traditionally shows a dialogue between two or more people, who may constitute a small play, usually a single act.
Its origin is in the field, so in most of its presentations there are usually two pastors talking about their country life.
The first églogas date from centuries before the present era, but its popularity spread in the Europe of the Renaissance, having like one of its greater authors to Garcilaso de la Vega in its Eclogue I .
Elegy
The motto of this lyrical subgenre is lamentation, accompanied by melancholy and bucolic memory. The elegy regrets the loss of something or someone, whether physical or not.
For that reason, it is commonly used along with different genres, among which is the song.
The elegy has been present in almost any historical moment, reason why the melancholy has transcended the political and social changes. In ancient Greece it was defined by the elegiac meter, composed by the alternation of a hexameter with a pentameter.
Hispanic literature is one of the most abundant in elegies. For example, one of the most famous are the Coplas for the death of his father Of Jorge Manrique, written in 1476.
More recently, the Crying by Ignacio Sánchez Mejías Of Federico García Lorca is one of the best samples. So is the song Eternal love , By the Mexican artist Juan Gabriel, where he narrates the regret he feels for his mother's departure.
Satire
Considered by many as the funniest lyric subgenre, satire is presented in biting poems with burlesque intentions.
Through the satire can be discredited or ironic to any person, object or circumstance. It is one of the most versatile subgenres, being able to write in prose or verse frequently.
Satire is also used as a literary resource, auxiliary to many other presentations such as theater. Among the elements he uses most is irony and sarcasm.
Although, as almost all, it has its origin in Ancient Greece, its literary application was developed more in the Medievo, with authors like Francisco de Quevedo and Felix Lope de Vega.
Anthem
Some authors place it within the song, because usually it is usually interpreted this way. The hymns constitute a lyrical subgenre that is based mostly on the exaltation of a village or a certain group that stages it.
In Antiquity, it was a religious song, which was used in liturgies to exalt some divinity.
Subsequently, his concept evolved to shape national anthems. Today, all the countries of the world have a National Anthem, which is usually along with the shield and flag, one of its three national symbols.
Madrigal
Considered by some as part of the song. However, it has specific delimitations, with a maximum of fifteen verses heptasílabos and endecasílabos.
That is, they are very brief poems that generally have thematic of pastors or stories of love. The Spanish poet of the Generation of 27, Rafael Alberti, wrote Madrigal to the tram ticket , Which is one of the largest samples of this genus.
Haiku
Transcending Western culture, in the Eastern Hemisphere are also lyrical manifestations.
One of them is the haiku, traditional of Japan, conformed by seventeen blackberries, that are units smaller than the syllable. These do not usually rhyme.
Its content is usually related to the contemplation of nature and the astonishment for actions related to it. Authors like Jorge Luis Borges or Mario Benedetti have written haikus adapted to the Castilian language.
References
- Aguilera, A. (1990). Eternal love . In Juan Gabriel in the Palace of Fine Arts. [CD]. Mexico: Sony Music.
- Alberti, R. (s.f.). Madrigal to the tram ticket. Poems of the Soul . Retrieved from poems-del-alma.com.
- De la Vega, G. (2003). Eclogue . Universal Virtual Library. Recovered from biblioteca.org.ar.
- Editorial Santillana. (2008). Language and Communication 1. Caracas: Editorial Santillana.
- García, F. (s.f.). Crying by Ignacio Sánchez Mejías. City Seva . Recovered from ciudadseva.com
- Small Universes (s.f.). The Haikus of Jorge Luis Borges. Small universes . Retrieved from bookworms.blogspot.com.
- Petrarca, F. (s.f.). Song book. Wikisource . Retrieved from www.wikisource.org.
- Von Schiller, F. (1785). Ode to joy. The letter by the wave travels . Retrieved from artontheradiogorliz.wordpress.com.