The classification of human rights It covers different aspects. There are several classifications; the most prominent are those in which human rights are divided according to their function and origin.
Classifying human rights serves to separate or disaggregate them, in order to study them and consider them separately.
When classified according to their origin, human rights are divided into three groups: first generation (includes civil and political rights), second generation (integrated by economic, social and cultural rights) and third generation or solidarity rights .
According to their function, human rights are divided into four types: civil rights, social rights, political rights and public rights.
Human rights are inherent to men and women. Therefore, they are universal: all people have the same rights.
Classifications of human rights
1- According to its origin
Human rights are the result of years of struggle to value the human being and will be taken into account in all areas. Therefore, his recognition did not happen overnight, but was gradual.
This type of classification is responsible for dividing human rights in chronological order; that is, according to the order in which they were created.
This classification was proposed in 1979 by Karel Vasák, who was the first general secretary of the International Institute of Human Rights, between 1969 and 1980.
First generation rights
They are the first to be recognized by the States. Its recognition occurred in the 18th century.
The rights of first generation emerged in search of promoting freedom and minimizing the intervention of the powerful in the private life of people.
They also sought to guarantee the participation of all citizens in the political aspect. These rights include civil and political rights.
The main first generation rights are the following:
- The right to life.
- The right of freedom.
- The freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
- The right to freedom of expression.
- The right to privacy.
- Freedom of thought and religion.
- The right to marry.
- The right to political security.
- The freedom to have the number of children that everyone wants.
- The right to legal security.
It was also established that no person should be enslaved and should not be subjected to torture or cruel treatment.
Second generation rights
Second generation rights refer to social, economic and cultural rights. They were incorporated and recognized during the 19th and 20th centuries.
These rights sought to guarantee a better quality of life for people, promoting the creation of social and economic policies that allowed everyone to live in the right conditions.
Among the most prominent second generation rights are the following:
- The right to social security.
- The right to participate in the development of society.
- The right to work under fair and satisfactory conditions.
- The right to a fair remuneration.
- The right to housing.
- The right to education.
- The right to physical and mental health.
- The right to education.
Third generation rights
Third generation rights are also called solidarity rights and have been incorporated and recognized at the end of the 20th century. However, still in the 21st century, rights of this type continue to be incorporated.
These rights seek to foster solidarity among people in all parts of the world, thereby promoting constructive and peaceful relationships between individuals.
Among the rights of the third generation are:
- The right to peace.
- The right to a clean environment.
- The right to use technological advances.
- The right to self-determination.
- The right to national and cultural identity.
- The right to political and economic independence.
2- According to its function
According to the function they perform, human rights are divided into civil, social, political and public.
Civil rights
They are those destined to the protection of the life of the human being. Among these are the rights that seek personal and economic security. For example: the right to life.
Social rights
Social rights are those that allow human beings to develop within society.
Some examples of this type of rights are: the right to education, freedom of religion, the right to work, the right to personal property, among others.
Political rights
They are those that are related to the development of citizens in the political sphere.
Among the political rights are the right to vote, the right to exercise public office, among others.
Public rights
They are all those in which freedoms are contemplated to express opinions, ideas and thoughts on the relevant issues of society.
The right to freedom of expression and the right to create cultural and political associations are examples of public rights.
Other classifications
Rights of economic self-determination
Among the rights of self-determination are the right to freedom of choice of the economic profession, freedom to choose the economic activity that you want to perform, among others.
Civil liberties
Among civil liberties stand out the right to life, the right to freedom, the freedom to choose the place where you want to live, among others.
Political freedoms
Political liberties are constituted by the political rights and public rights that individuals possess.
These include the right to vote and freedom of expression.
References
- Human Right Retrieved on November 03, 2017, from wikipedia.org
- Classification of Human Right. Retrieved on November 03, 2017, from tandis.odihr.pl
- Definitives and clasifications. Retrieved on November 03, 2017, from humanrights.is
- Human rights: Definitions, characteristics, classification, indivisibility & categorization. Retrieved on November 03, 2017, from wahabohidlegalaid.blogspot.com
- Fundamental Human Rights and Liberties: Concept and classification. Retrieved on November 03, 2017, from uab.ro
- Three Generations of Human Rights. Retrieved on November 3, 2017, from globalization101.org