The Factors that modify The climate are conditioned by an order of geographical, environmental and artificial causes.
Some of these elements of climate are closely related to the Earth's atmosphere and relate to temperature, humidity, winds, pressure and rainfall.
These components can be measured separately and together. Which will throw diverse values, determining the climatic prediction that the meteorologists, experts in the subject do.
Depending on the area where it is intended to determine, the climate may comprise a specific area, a locality, or may correspond to the entire world.
Now, the climate can be affected either by natural factors or by the actions of man.
The main factors that modify the climate
In terms of natural causes, the following changing climate elements can be highlighted:
Latitude or distance from the equator
The radiation of the sun will affect a territory in a determined way depending on its geographical location. For this determines the degree of inclination of the solar rays that cross the atmosphere. Causing changes in temperatures and, at the same time, being responsible for greater or less precipitation.
The latitude corresponds to the distance between the equator (line or plane perpendicular to the axis of the Earth) with respect to any other point of the planet. From the equator, or latitude 0 °, the Earth is divided into the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere.
Latitude is one of the natural factors responsible for climate changes because the heat is concentrated at the equator, dissipating towards the poles or hemispheres.
In turn, this affects the amount of solar radiation received, and is the cause of different seasons.
The altitude
The altitude is a vertical measurement that takes as a starting point or altitude or sea level.
From the altitude to the zero level or sea level the temperature decreases. In this sense, when climbing to a higher level, colder.
The altitude affects the climate by reducing the masses of hot air, so that consequently the temperature and the pressure in the air decreases.
Distance or proximity to the sea
The closer to the sea the cooler the climate and vice versa. That is why the presence of the sea is an influential factor in the climatic variations of a place.
The proximity of the sea is responsible for moderating temperatures, preventing them from being extreme.
In those areas near the sea, known as coastal zones, the climate is colder and wetter, compared to distant areas. When the hot air of the latter joins with the cooler winds from the sea, the heat decreases and precipitation occurs.
Ocean Currents
Ocean currents are produced by the force of the winds on the sea And they have an effect on the climate because the water takes longer to warm up with respect to the earth.
At the same time, the water takes longer to release the heat present in it, which affects the temperatures of the places closest to the bodies of water.
There are cold sea currents, arising from the rise of deep-sea bodies, which also influence the climate. Since they produce a high atmospheric pressure, a low humidity and a very low or almost zero probability of precipitation.
Land relief
The terrestrial relief refers to the different forms existing in the crust of the earth. That is to say, the alterations present in the same, produced by the displacement and shocks of the terrestrial plates and by the erosion generated by the winds.
The terrestrial relief next to the oceans, are responsible for the modifications of the temperature. Inciding the maritime climates in the cooler climates in summer and less rigorous in winter. Differentiating from the continental climates, which refer to those where the maritime influence does not reach and where the temperatures are more extreme in both seasons of the year.
The relief orientation is measured in terms of the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Planetary winds affect rainfall because they favor the rise of hot and humid winds.
At the same time, the action of the winds will be responsible for the amount of solar radiation that is received. This will affect the existing vegetation in the earth, which is responsible for the humidity present in the environment.
Mountains or highlands also affect climate change. It is in these zones where there is more rainfall due to the crossing of hot air coming from the low zones, with cold air, originating from the high zones, which gives rise to the condensation of humid air, producing the precipitations.
Humidity
It refers to the amount of steam in the air and will be conditioned by the temperature, being more likely to increase when the weather is hot.
The humidity is one of the responsible for the precipitations because to the point of its saturation, from which it can not continue maintaining its gaseous state, it will happen to the liquid state giving origin to the rains.
Influence of humans on climate change
Human activities on a daily basis are also an influential factor in climate change, which can Cares for the environment .
A clear example is the global warming, produced by the so-called hole of the ozone layer, which has been enlarged over the years, as a result of environmental pollution.
As a direct consequence of this, not only suffer higher temperatures, but this affects the environment, melting glaciers, among other effects.
On the other hand, population growth; The cutting of trees to use the resources extracted from them; The use of different fuels and, the lack of care for the environment, have produced an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere.
When the consequences of human activities on the climate occur in the long term, it is often not really realized. But the truth is that climate change today is a fact and continues to rise.