The Types of values Can be classified into universal, human, personal, family, sociocultural, moral, ethical, aesthetic, spiritual, material, economic and pragmatic.
The values Are principles that guide the behavior of human beings and serve as a guide in the development of an organization or society.
Each person with his / her particularities must interact with the others, seeking that the relationships are as balanced as possible.
It is there where sharing values is important, since this means that the members of a community understand, accept and share codes that will guarantee them a coexistence in harmony and mutual respect.
Values are, then, a set of beliefs that we have incorporated to be able to live with dignity; Provide us with a guideline to formulate individual and collective goals and purposes that are in accordance with our personal feelings and convictions.
Human values are transmitted from generation to generation through education and example.
Children learn what they are taught at home and at school, but they also imitate what older people see, so in a home with solid values, there must be a concordance between what is said and what is done .
In the organizational sphere, the values of a company are the product of an exhaustive previous analysis and are communicated to each employee from the moment of its incorporation. This should not only accept these values, but also communicate with them, to ensure their adaptation and good performance within the company.
Values lay the foundations for regulating our behavior and thus ensuring collective well-being. They always have a positive connotation; Those with negative connotations, are called"anti-values".
Axiology is the branch of philosophy that studies values.
Different types of human values
Values are subjective interpretations of pleasure or dislike; These interpretations become values properly said at the moment when it is exercised by the individual.
There are many types of values, from the most general accepted by most human beings, regardless of race, religion or where they live, to those very personal and intimate, inherent to each individual.
Here is a list of the most important.
Universal values
They are the set of norms of coexistence that are valid, accepted by a community at a certain time, but also shared by the vast majority of people around the world.
They are the basic principles around which the basic rules of respect, acceptance and good behavior of human beings are established. Among these universal values are:
- True : Agreement or agreement between what is thought, what is said, what is felt and what is done.
- Responsibility : It is the moral obligation to respond for our actions, without anyone obliging us, but for the"must be".
- Justice : Know and accept which part is right and give it by right.
- Freedom : A fundamental principle and an inalienable human right to be able to act and to think according to our own criterion and will, without nothing or nobody to curtail us.
Goodness : Inherent quality to the man where the good prevails over any other feeling.
- Honesty : Human quality that makes the acts of your life are attached to integrity, truth, justice and righteousness.
- Love : Virtue that allows to feel and to express the feelings of kindness, affection and compassion.
- Friendship : Feeling of affection and closeness between people who share a certain affinity.
Respect : Acceptance, consideration and delicacy in the treatment of people, animals, and the environment, thanks to the recognition of their qualities or merits.
- Trust : Hope, security or act of faith from one person to another or to their environment.
- Solidarity : It is the moral commitment that people acquire to help themselves and support one another and to commit themselves to common causes.
- Understanding : The ability of an individual to put himself in another's place and to understand his point of view.
These universal values, fundamental principles for coexistence, are assumed and applied by people in different fields, so that, depending on the case, they acquire other names such as human, personal or family values.
Actually, everybody -the previously described and those to be named below- Are universal and fundamental values ; For practical purposes we have separated them as follows.
Human values
Norms and principles that are taught to us from birth and grow as an intrinsic part of our being. Within these values can be added:
- Humility
- Loyalty
- Sensitivity
- Prudence
- Will
Personal values
Beyond the values instilled throughout our lives, each individual by their beliefs, their experiences and their particular way of thinking and being, adapts them in a unique and personal way.
This is also determined in great measure by the personal experiences of each one. In this way,"good"and"bad", right and wrong can have many ranges of grays from the personal point of view of each individual,
This will be what determines their behavior and their better or worse adaptation in interpersonal, labor and social relations. Some of these values are:
- Faithfulness
- Gratitude
- Discipline
- Patience
- Constancy
- Empathy
- Understanding
Family values
They are the set of beliefs accepted and practiced within the family, product of the tradition and the particular experiences of the same. Some family values are:
- Union
Respect
- Joy
- Sincerity
Sociocultural Values
The Sociocultural values The set of beliefs broader and accepted by a society that shares common codes.
Thanks to them, relationships of respect and harmony can be established among many individuals who may think differently and have diverse histories, but who understand and respect general norms.
These values, in addition to the aforementioned, can also be:
- Patriotism
- Cultural identity
- Self-control
- Punctuality
- Service vocation
- Generosity
Moral values
Moral values serve to make decisions that are framed within ethics. Morality tells us how to act in specific situations, and allows us to respond to the question"what should we do?"In the face of each situation.
Moral values seek the happiness And self-realization through kindness, honesty and other human virtues, with preponderance of freedom directed by reason.
Ethical values
Ethics takes actions in function of the moral beliefs of the individual. Basically they are the same moral values, but if you will, in a more pragmatic field.
Moral values act in a more philosophical field, more internal of the person and then, the decisions and actions taken as a result of their reflection, determine their ethical values.
But, in a way, all universal, human or personal values are, in short, ethical values, since they have a strong moral burden.
Aesthetic values
They have the ultimate purpose of beauty, and to get it involved other aspects such as harmony and balance. It refers to physical properties that produce aesthetic enjoyment.
Spiritual and religious values
They are beliefs that are given by faith and not so much by specific norms or laws or created by men to guarantee order.
They are associated with immaterial and intangible aspects, but they can become very profound and govern the behavior of the human being in the other aspects of his life. Here we find basically Faith and Holiness.
Material Values
As its name implies, these values do not have to do with the philosophical, moral or thinking aspects, but with concrete elements that coexist with people and help them to subsist and live more comfortably.
These values are related to material goods that cover basic needs such as clothing, food, health and leisure.
Economic values
When one speaks of an economic value, one usually refers to the material, commercial or monetary value of some good or physical object.
It is a term mostly used for what has to do with wealth generation or material growth.
Pragmatic values
It is the practical value of things, their functionality or ability to use, attributes that make an object useful or facilitate some task.
What do values serve for?
Values are stable beliefs that something is good or bad; Is what determines that something is preferable to its opposite and help us to make the decisions that, according to our belief system, is considered the correct thing.
Based on this, the values are useful for:
- Hierarchize what is really important and what is not so important.
- Decide the most appropriate behavior among multiple options.
- Acting in accordance with our ideas and principles.
- To be able to set a position on conflicting or difficult issues.
- Model the personality and forge the character.
References
- Arturo Cardona Sánchez (2000). Formation of Values: theory, Reflections and Answers. Editorial Grijalbo, Mexico.
- Graham Haydon (1997). Teach values: a new approach. Ediciones Morata, Spain.
- Escobar, Arredondo and Albarrán (2014). Ethics and values. Editorial Group Patria. Mexico.
- Value (Axiology). Retrieved from es.wikipedia.org.