He origin of the administration goes back to the origin of the human need to organize: it has been present since primitive times. It is a science that consists in directing an entity or a good, which may or may not be the property of the person administering it.
It is a discipline that seeks constant improvement in the management of resources, personnel, equipment, materials, money and human relations. It is oriented towards the search for effectiveness, and is universal and interdisciplinary.
The term administration comes from the Latin"ad"(address) and"minister"(subordination). The different civilizations of history have shown tendencies to develop administrative processes as they progress.
Humans have used the administration to order actions such as finding food or building their homes.
Origin
Some authors locate the beginnings of the administration in the commercial activities of the Sumerians and the ancient Egyptians. Others assign them to the organizational methods of the Catholic Church and the ancient militias.
However, there is no definitive consensus on the date when that science began, which is now known as the administration.
Ancient world and administration
It is considered an administrative act the selection of the best hunters and warriors of the nomadic tribes in the primitive age: the work was divided according to the capacity, the sex and the age of the individuals.
The Sumerians, on the other hand, recorded in clay tablets many of the activities that they carried out, including their commercial transactions. They also practiced labor stratification: there were master craftsmen, workers and apprentices.
In ancient Egypt the Pharaohs were the authority and wanted to build huge buildings, so they had to delegate personnel management tasks to others; In this way, a few directed large masses of workers. Something similar happened with the task of collecting taxes.
In fact, the political systems of these civilizations used administrative principles to exercise their power.
In ancient China there was also a need to apply these principles. Around 1100 a. C. Chow's Constitution was written, which served as guide to know the tasks that the servants had to fulfill. This can be considered as an antecedent of the definition of functions.
The great Greek philosophers also left a written record of their efforts to improve certain human processes. For example, they noted that food production improved if methods were followed and deadlines were met.
Several philosophers of whom they wrote something related to this were the following:
- Socrates
He spoke of technical knowledge and experience as separate issues.
- Plato
He talked about specialization in tasks, but not with that name.
- Aristotle
To philosophize about the perfect state of things.
- Pericles
He provided several of the fundamental principles of administration and recruitment.
Ancient Rome should also be given contributions in this field, such as the classification of companies in public, semi-public and private. And in the second century AD. C. The Catholic Church established a hierarchical structure with objectives and doctrine.
The popularity of Arabic numbers between the fifth and fifteenth centuries also contributed to improved trading processes, and gave rise to the emergence of disciplines such as accounting.
Average Age of Administration
Just as societies had a historical moment of transition, so did the administration. During this era, centralism weakened and became evident in the fall of the Roman Empire, in the rise of feudalism and in the consolidation of militias.
In the Middle Ages the feudal system decentralized power, which brought with it problems of government and business.
Feudalism changed the structures of power; many servants became self-employed and many craftsmen became patrons. Also appeared guilds, that are the antecedents of the unions, and the accounting books.
The work of the merchants of Venice was born two figures that today are still important: partnership and limited partnership.
On the other hand, the principle of militia command and some terms of militia operations were adopted in the organizational world: strategy, logistics, recruitment, among others.
Administration and modernity
In this new phase of the administration, Machiavelli brings to light ideas that would be applied in the contemporary administration:
- When the members of an organization manifest their problems and solve them, progress is made towards their stability.
- Teamwork ensures the life of an organization.
- The role of a leader is key.
- The organization must retain some cultural and structural features from its origin, regardless of the time and the changes that occur.
These principles, along with the experience accumulated until then in business matters, guided the administrative tasks during the Industrial Revolution. At this time the production in series emerged and the necessity of the specialization of the workers became evident.
In fact, it was in the 19th century that the first scientific publications on administration appeared. But at the end of the 20th century, the development of society was accelerated in various areas and demanded the refinement and improvement of administrative processes.
Likewise, advances in fields such as engineering, sociology, psychology and industrial relations, have influenced management to evolve.
Types of administration
- Classic
- Scientific
- Bureaucratic
Humanist
-Building
- Systemic
- From human relationships
Emblematic characters in the field of administration
- Frederick Winslow Taylor
- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
- Henry Gantt
- Max Weber
- Henry Fayol
- Chester Barnard
- Hugo Münsterbeg
- Mary Parker Follet
- Elton Mayo
- Abraham Maslow
Douglas McGregor
- Adam Smith
- Robert Owen
- Charles Babbage
- Henry R. Towne
References
- Page 1 Foundations of the administration. Origin and evolution. Recovered from: gestipolis.com
- Management: The interpretation and implementation of the policy set by an organization's board of directors. Retrieved from: businessdictionary.com
- Pacheco, Virginia (2012). Origin and evolution of the administration. Retrieved from: vlpacheco.blogspot.in
- Review of Public Administration and Management. Business Administration. Retrieved from omicsonline.org
- Riquelme Matías (s / f). Origin of the administration. Recovered from: webycompany.com
- wikipedia.org