The computing Is a modern science that studies methods, processes and the technique to process, transmit or save data in a digital way.
With the great advance of technology from the second half of the twentieth century, this discipline was gaining importance in productive activities, while increasing its specificity.
The development of computers, closed circuits, robots, machinery, mobile phones and the emergence of the Internet, make computer science one of the most booming sciences in recent decades.
The etymology of the word computing has several possible origins. It mainly emerged as an acronym for the words information and automatique (automatic information).
In 1957 it was Karl Steinbuch , Who included this term in a document called Informatik: Automatische Informationsverarbeitung .
While in 1962, the French engineer Philippe Dreyfus Named his company as Société d'Informatique Appliquée. However, it was the Russian Alexander Ivanovich Mikhailov The first to use this term as the"study, organization, and dissemination of scientific information."
Among its wide field of application, this science is dedicated to the study of automatic processing of information using electronic devices and computer systems, which can be used for different purposes.
What is computer science? Applications
The field of application of the computer science was expanding its spectrum with the technological development in the last half century, mainly by the impulse of the computers and Internet.
Its main tasks include design, development, planning of closed circuits, document development, monitoring and process control.
It is also responsible for the creation of industrial robots, as well as tasks related to the vast field of telecommunications and the making of games, applications and tools for mobile devices.
Computer Shaping
Informatics is a science in which knowledge and knowledge converge from diverse disciplines starting with mathematics and physics, but also computing, programming and design, among others.
This synergistic union between different branches of knowledge is complemented in computer science with the notions of hardware, software, telecommunications, internet and electronics.
History
First computer.
The history of computer science began much earlier than the discipline that bears its name. It accompanied humanity almost from its origins, although without being recognized as a science.
Since the creation of the Chinese abacus, registered in 3000 BC and considered the first computing device of mankind, it can be spoken of computer science.
This table divided into columns, allowed through the movements of its units to perform mathematical operations as addition and subtraction. There could be the starting point of this science.
But the evolution of computing had only just begun with the abacus. In the seventeenth century, Blaise Pascal , One of the most renowned French scientists of his time, created the calculating machine and pushed a further evolutionary step.
This device only served for additions and subtractions but was the basis for the German Leibniz , Almost 100 years later, in the eighteenth century, will develop a similar apparatus but with multiplications and divisions.
These three creations were the first computerized processes that are recorded. We had to wait almost 200 more years for this discipline to become relevant and become a science.
In the first decades of the twentieth century, the development of electronics was the ultimate impulse of modern computing. From there, this branch of science begins to solve technical problems arising from new technologies.
At this time the change of the systems based on gears and rods to the new processes of electrical impulses, cataloged by a 1 when it passes the current and by a 0 when no, that revolutionized this discipline.
The final step took place during World War II with the making of the first computer, the Mark I, which opened a new field of development that is still expanding.
Computer basics
Informatics, understood as the processing of information automatically through electronic devices and computer systems, must have some capabilities to be able to develop.
Three main operations are fundamental: the entry, which refers to the collection of information; The processing of the same information and the output, which is the possibility of transmitting results.
The set of these capabilities of electronic devices and computational systems is known as an algorithm, which is the ordered set of systematic operations to perform a calculation and find a solution.
Through these processes, computer science developed various types of devices that began to facilitate the tasks of humanity in all types of activities.
Although its area of application has no strict limits, it is mainly used in industrial processes, business management, information storage, process control, communications, transportation, medicine and education.
Home
Within computing and computing can be spoken of five generations of processors that marked the modern history from its emergence in 1940 to the present.
First generation
The first generation had its development between 1940 and 1952, when computers were built and operated with valves. Its evolution and utility was mainly in a scientific-military field.
These devices had mechanical circuits, whose values were modified to be programmed according to the necessary purposes.
Second generation
The second generation was developed between 1952 and 1964, with the appearance of transistors that replaced the old valves. Thus commercial devices appeared, which enjoyed a prior programming.
Another central fact of this stage is the appearance of the first codes and programming languages, Cobol and Fortran. To which years later new ones were followed.
Third generation
The third generation had a slightly shorter development period than its predecessors, lasted from 1964 to 1971 when integrated circuits appeared.
The lowering of costs in the production of the devices, the increase in the storage capacity and the reduction in the physical size, marked this stage.
In addition, thanks to the development of programming languages, which gained in specificity and skills, the first utilitarian programs began to flourish.
Fourth generation
The fourth generation came from 1971 and lasted for a decade, until 1981, with electronic components as the main protagonists of evolution.
Thus began to appear in the computer world the first microprocessors, which included all the basic elements of the old computer in a single integrated circuit.
Fifth generation
Finally, the fifth generation began in 1981 and extends to the present, in which technology invades all aspects of modern societies.
The main development of this evolutionary phase of computing were personal computers (PCs), which then led to a vast group of associated technologies that now rule the world.
References
- Inform Attic, Information, and Communication , Social Documentation: Journal of Social Studies and Applied Technology ', 1999.
- Treatment (Automatic) of the Information, Diego Dikygs, digital site Nociones de Informática, 2011.
- History of Computing N , Patricio Villalva.
- Magazine Horizon Inform Magazine to Educational policy , Buenos Aires, 1999.