What are the quantitative properties of matter?

The Quantitative properties of matter Are characteristics of the matter that can be measured - temperature, mass, density... - and from which quantities can be expressed.

The physical properties of matter are characteristics of a substance, which can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance. They are classified in Quantitative properties And qualitative properties.

Quantitative properties of matter

Some measuring instruments for quantitative properties

The word quantitative refers to information or quantitative data that are based on quantities obtained through a quantifiable measurement process, ie any objective basis of measurement. In contrast, qualitative information records descriptive, subjective, or difficult to measure qualities.

To understand the term quantitative, it is necessary to understand that its opposite, the qualitative properties, are those that can be observed through the senses: sight, sound, smell, touch; Without making measurements, such as color, smell, taste, texture, ductility, malleability, clarity, luster, homogeneity and state.

Oppositely, the quantitative physical properties of matter are those that can be measured and assigned a particular value.

Often quantitative properties are unique to a particular element or compound, in addition the registered values ​​are available as a reference (can be searched in tables or graphs).

Any quantitative property involves a number and a corresponding unit, in addition to an associated instrument that allows measuring it.

Examples of quantitative properties of matter

Temperature

It is a measure of the warmth of a substance with reference to a standard value. It is the kinetic energy (movement) of particles in a substance, measured in degrees centigrade (° C) or degrees Fahrenheit (° F) with a thermometer.

Melting point

Temperature at which the change from solid state to liquid state occurs. It is measured in degrees centigrade (° C) or degrees Fahrenheit (° F). A thermometer is used to measure it.

Boiling point

Temperature at which the change from a liquid state to a gaseous state occurs. It is measured in degrees centigrade (° C) or degrees Fahrenheit (° F). The measuring instrument is the thermometer.

Density

Amount of mass in a given volume of a substance. The density of water is 1.0 g / ml, and is often the reference for the other substances.

It is measured in grams on cubic centimeters (g / cm 3 ) Or grams on milliliters (g / mL) or grams on liters (g / L), etc. And the method of marked volumes is used.

Conductivity

Conductivity ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat. If it is electricity it is measured in Ohms and if it is by heat it is measured in Watts per meter Kelvin (W / m K). A multimeter and temperature sensor are used, respectively.

PH

The proportion of water molecules that have gained a hydrogen atom (H 3 OR + ) To water molecules that have lost a hydrogen atom (OH - ).

Your unit goes from 1 to 14 indicating the amount of H 3 OR + . To measure pH, indicators (chemicals in solution) are used to add and react with the test solution, causing a change in color to known amounts of H 3 OR + .

What are the quantitative properties of matter?

All quantitative property is measurable.

Solubility

The amount of substance (called the solute) that can be dissolved in a given amount of another (solvent).

Commonly measured in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent or in grams on liters (g / L) and in moles on liters (moles / L). To measure it, tools such as the balance and the method of marked volumes are used.

Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid to flow. It is measured in Poise (P) and Stokes (S). And your meter is called a viscometer.

Hardness

Ability to resist scratching. It is measured with hardness scales, such as Brinell, Rockwell and Vicker; With a durometer set to the desired scale.

Dough

It is the amount of matter in a sample and is measured in grams (g), kilograms (kg), pounds (lb), etc. And it is measured with the balance.

Length

It is the length measurement from one end to the other and the most commonly used units of measurement are centimeters (meters), meters (meters), kilometers (kilometers), inches (in) and feet (ft). Ruler, indicator, odometer or digital micrometer are the measuring instruments.

Volume

It is the amount of space occupied by a substance and is measured in cubic centimeters (cm 3 ), Milliliters (ml) or Liters (L). The method of marked volumes is used.

What are the quantitative properties of matter?  1

Method of marked volumes

Weight

It is the force of gravity on a substance and its unit of measure are Newtons (N), pound strength (lbf), dynas (din) and kiloponds (kp).

Weather

It is the duration of an event, it is measured in seconds (s), minutes (min) and hours (h). A watch or chronometer is used.

Specific heat

It is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of a substance to 1 degree Celsius.

It is an indication of how quickly or slowly a certain mass of an object will heat or cool. The lower the specific heat, the faster it will heat or cool.

The specific heat of water is 4.18 J / g C and is almost always measured in those units (Joules on grams per degree Celsius). It is measured with the calorimeter.

What are the quantitative properties of matter?  2

Calorimeter Parts

Melting heat

It is the amount of heat needed to exactly melt a certain mass of that substance. The heat of melting water is 334 J / g and just as the specific heat is measured with the calorimeter and expressed in Joules on grams per degree Celsius.

Heat of vaporization

It is the amount of heat needed to exactly vaporize a certain mass of that substance. The heat of vaporization of water is 2260 J / g (Joules on grams per degree Celsius). It is measured with the calorimeter.

Ionization energy

It is the energy necessary to eliminate the weakest or most distant electrons in an atom. The ionization energy is given in Electron volts (EV), Joules (J) or in kilojoules per mole (kJ / mol).

The method used to determine this is called atomic spectroscopy, which uses radiation to measure the energy level.

References

  1. Business Dictionary editor team. (2017). "Quantitative". Retrieved from businessdictionary.com.
  2. Sims, C. (2016). "Physical Properties of Matter". Retrieved from slideplayer.com.
  3. Ahmed, A. (2017). "Quantitative Observations- Property of Matter". Retrieved from sciencedirect.com.
  4. Helmenstine, A. (2017). "Physical Properties List". Retrieved from thoughtco.com.
  5. Ma, S. (2016). "Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter". Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org.
  6. Carter, J. (2017). "Qualitative And Quantitative Properties". Retrieved from cram.com.


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