The Limits to the Investigate Tion Are a series of principles and rules that prevent the use of science to the detriment of the human being or the environment.
Science should always be used to improve society And promote knowledge. This allows finding the solution to seemingly insoluble problems. In recent times has reached such an advance that allows to reproduce and modify normally natural processes.
Cloning, experimentation with embryonic cells or genetically modified crops raise a social debate about the extent to which science can reach the resolution of its problems.
The boundaries come intrinsic to delimit to where we want to arrive in the knowledge, without crossing the line of the destruction to arrive to know it. They are not negative, but positive, since the idea of being investigated implies that there is something to be discovered.
The ethical limit to research should not be understood as restricting or diminishing research possibilities, but as something that regulates and harmonizes the researcher and what he is investigating.
An investigation is also subject to the limits of the research itself and the investigating subject, their indigent, finite and contingent condition. Freedom of research must be linked to the freedom inherent in people.
As Millán Puelles says, if we do not take into account human freedom, the object of research, man himself, is dehumanized. Experimentation will investigate anything but something that belongs to the concrete man and have failed.
Limits of research ethics
The limits of ethics common to all investigations, regardless of what Branch of science Are:
1 - Honesty
Science seeks to discover the secrets of nature and honesty is a very important principle to keep in mind.
The data that are offered to the scientific community must be truthful, false data should never be produced. Scientists should never misinform the community.
2- Integrity
We must act with sincerity to achieve the unification of action and thought.
3- Impartiality
Research bias should be avoided, whether in the analysis of data or its interpretation, the experimental design or its revision.
In all investigations we must avoid the bias that may arise from the interests that can influence research
4- Sincerity
We have to share the truthful data we get from our research, even though they are subject to criticism.
5- Caution
Errors due to carelessness or negligence that may occur in the course of the investigation must be avoided. It is important to keep a good record of the research to avoid oversights or loss of information.
6- Confidentiality
It is necessary to protect confidentiality in all aspects of the investigation, from its participants to the files of the personnel participating in the investigation
7- Honor of the intellectual property
It is very important that in all research respects the intellectual property of others, avoid plagiarism or use data without the consent of the author.
It is also important to include the references from which the data being handled are obtained.
8- No discrimination
It is included inside and outside the research, in the participants of the same or with the colleagues of profession that carry out similar studies.
9- Social responsibility
Science research must go hand in hand with society, mitigating and preventing possible social harm.
10- Care of animals
The controversy over the use of scientific research animals has taken a lot of force in recent years.
Attempts should be made to minimize the impact of research on animals, as well as to design experiments that do not unnecessarily affect animals
11- Legality
It is necessary to abide by the laws in force at any moment and to understand that these do not contemplate all the situations that can be developed in the course of the investigation, reason why it is important to understand them to value the limits of the own investigation.
Relationship between ethics and research
At the point where we do not know if we should continue with scientific advances or should stop, it is where the ethics .
It delimits behaviors that can be lawful or not. The dogmatic ethic establishes principles and norms that do not take into account the acquired knowledge, reason why it is rational and independent to the predominant social norm.
The argumentative ethics, from its beginnings, as Branch of philosophy , Seeks the knowledge of nature and the existence of the human being. He believes that we must combat prejudice and false appearances.
We have to talk about ethics in the plural, since we live in a globalized world and the decisions are broader, since no current society is closed and can maintain its own common ethics.
Today we live in a plural society of thought where each person has their own ideas and opinions. In order to achieve a more just society, ethics must intervene, positioning itself in the ethical value that it represents and that separates itself from the thoughts and doctrines that people have.
Ethical rules help to make a fairer society by seeking the harmony between private lives and the community lives of people.
When a debate arises, such as the study of embryonic cells, ethics has to elaborate a response, it can not be a simple yes or no, but it has to perform an exercise of reflection on factors and consequences that are often found Opposed.
Ethics must harmonize values Committed, establish limits to the assumptions that arise, what condition and purpose are the studies are looking for and, in this way, to be able to elaborate a discourse where the limits that the study that concerns us must be raised.
It seeks the purpose of the study, which can be therapeutic, social, etc. And also the conditions of scientific rigor that have to be followed, as well as what control and supervision procedures have to be applied.
References
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- WHITE, James J. Machiavelli and the bar: Ethical limitations on lying in negotiation. Law & Social Inquiry , 1980, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 926-938.
- BEYERSTEIN, Dale. The functions and limitations of professional codes of ethics.
- BUTLER, Ian. A code of ethics for social work and social care research. British Journal of Social Work , 2002, vol. 32, no. 2, p. 239-248.
- GUILLEMIN, Marilys; GILLAM, Lynn. Ethics, reflexivity, and"ethically important moments"in research. Qualitative inquiry , 2004, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 261-280.