The Branches of computer science Most important are information technology, cybernetics, robotics, computing, office automation and telematics.
Computer science is the automation of the processes of sending and receiving information. It is derived from the words information and automatic that refer to the set of information technologies through which a device can store information and share it without intervention or with the intervention of a human being.
A living example of computer science can be the Google search engine. Computer science makes it possible for a person looking for a certain term, concept or word to find information that meets their needs.
Google, through its search engines makes it possible for the person in front of the screen to find the required information in a few seconds, to L contrary to the forms of manual research that were used before the computer age in which one had to look for information in books.
Precisely in automation lies the importance of computing. Computer science endows the end user with the power to digitally process information on small and large scales.
From this, the branches of computer science have become almost indispensable tools in the mathematical, biological, computational and even social field.
Main branches of computing
Informatics is recognized by many scholars as a branch of information engineering and has some branches or specialties that are responsible for specific areas of information and how to present it.
Information technology
Information technology (IT) is the most important branch of computing and refers to the use of any computer, storage system, networks and other mechanical devices, means and methods for founding, solving, collecting, safeguarding and exchanging all Types and forms of electronic information.
Information technology contains several physical equipment, called"hardware". It also includes virtualization and management or data processing instruments, operating systems and applications, called"software". Both hardware and software are used to perform fundamental functions.
End-user terminals, peripherals and software, such as laptops, smartphones or even recording equipment, can be included in the IT domain.
It can also refer to the architectures, methodologies and regulations that govern the use and storage of data.
IT architectures have evolved to include virtualization and cloud computing, where physical resources are summarized and grouped into different configurations to meet the requirements of applications.
Clouds can be distributed across locations and shared with other IT users, or in a corporate data center, or in a combination of both deployments.
Clear and simple examples of information technology are Google Drive and Google Docs. Mass-use tools that are used to store, protect and share information between one user and another.
Cybernetics
This branch of informatics refers to the science of providing a solution to a specific problem, regarding communication between people, animals or devices.
The main purpose of cybernetics and the reason it was created is to stimulate the understanding of systems and make them more efficient and productive based on a recurrent need.
Due to the above, it is possible to exemplify cybernetics in the automation of some processes such as telephone voicemail, simulations of any kind, adaptive systems, artificial intelligence and robotics.
Everything that has a system and can be improved, is the field of cybernetics and its branches.
The greatest exponent of the cybernetics of this century was Norbert Wiener who wrote a book called"Cybernetics"in 1948.
In the book Wiener expresses that the cybernetics is the means through which the actions are realized by means of a previous transmission of information.
That said, it was established the thought that not only living systems can make use of cybernetics but also non-living systems, machines. From that point forward we began to explore robotics and artificial intelligence.
Robotics
Robotics is the branch of computing that are responsible for the design, assembly and operations of robots.
Robots are machines with a certain degree of intelligence that can be programmed to perform tasks at a level similar to humans, in order to automate some process.
Robotics has been used for years to create robots that can perform certain actions in places or situations where humans normally can not.
For example, if an apartment is about to collapse, it is best to use a robot that has rescue skills to send to a rescuer who may get hurt or seriously injured.
Because robots follow human instructions, it can be understood that robotics serves as a medium through which an individual communicates with the environment remotely.
computing
It is the branch of computer science that is oriented to the creation of computers to achieve a specific objective.
In the case of the calculator, for example, the goal is to solve complex mathematical calculations that would take a long time to solve manually. The calculator is an expression of computation.
Through the computation algorithms (mathematical sequences) are created that suppose a specific action or final result, that is to say, preload information of the results, as 2 + 2 is equal to 4.
By means of computing, computer technologies such as operating systems and software programs are created, as well as the hardware used by a particular software to carry out an action.
For example, create a video card (hardware) and develop Photoshop (software) to edit an image.
Office
It refers to the automation of the processes through which information is created, stored, protected and shared within the business sector.
The fundamental pillar of office automation is the LAN, through which data can be transferred from one user to another.
Office automation favors the speed at which tasks are performed within an office, eliminates the need for large staff, uses less space to collect data, and improves document creation with vital information through multiple, simultaneous updating.
Telematics
Telematics refers to the combination of telecommunications and information technology. It is defined as the issuance, acceptance and collection of information between two mobile devices (automobile, cell phone, GPS, among others) running using telecommunications.
References
- Alavudeen, A.; Venkateshwaran, N. (2010), Computer Integrated Manufacturing, PHI Learning, ISBN 978-81-203-3345-1
- Bynum, Terrell Ward (2008),"Norbert Wiener and the Rise of Information Ethics", in van den Hoven, Jeroen; Weckert, John, Information Technology and Moral Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-85549-5
- Beynon-Davies P. (2002). Information Systems: an introduction to information in Organizations. Palgrave, Basingstoke, UK. ISBN 0-333-96390-3
- William Melody et al., Information and Communication Technology: Social Sciences Research and Training: A Report by the ESRC Program on Information and Communication Technologies, ISBN 0-86226-179-1, 1986.
- Wiener, Norbert (1948). Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Nocks, Lisa (2007). The robot: the life story of a technology. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
- Denning, Peter (July 1999). "COMPUTER SCIENCE: THE DISCIPLINE". Encyclopaedia of Computer Science (2000 Edition).
- The Electronic Sweatshop: How Computers Are Transforming the Office of the Future into the Factory of the Past, [by] Barbara Garson. New York: Penguin Books, 1989, cop. 1988. ISBN 0-14-012145-5.