The Levels of organization of the subject Are a pattern that has been established to facilitate the analysis and study of living beings, which lists the different structures that compose them and the way in which they are grouped.
These levels are ordered from smallest to largest by size and complexity, and each one contains the previous ones, adding new properties.
Beyond this, as the complexity becomes greater, the whole begins to be much more than the sum of the parts.
Matter is all that occupies a place in space, whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous form. All matter has a weight and a specific mass given by its particular composition.
It can be extremely simple as unicellular organisms, or very complex as, for example, the human being.
Levels in which the subject is organized
Starting from the simplest to the most complex, all known matter that exists in the universe starts from the following levels:
1- Subatomic level
Subatomic particles are the parts that make up the atom, like the electron, the proton and the neutron. When interacting with each other, these microparticles give rise to the atom.
2 - Atomic Level
The atom is what results from the union of the components of the subatomic particles. They are the smallest particles of a chemical element and the minimum unit of matter.
It is formed by a dense nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a much larger cloud of electrons.
Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are the most common atoms present in most living things.
3- Molecular Level
A molecule is a set of two or more atoms that are held together by covalent bonds, sharing electrons.
Water and carbon dioxide are examples of simple molecules. In addition, several molecules can be assembled without establishing covalent bonds with each other to form molecular complexes, such as hemoglobin and ribosomes.
At the molecular level are also inorganic compounds such as water and mineral salts. All are combinations of atoms and all these atoms are present in the periodic table.
4- Macromolecular level
The molecules are joined together, usually by electrostatic attraction (or otherwise) and form molecular complexes called also biomolecules or macromolecules.
Here are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates, among others.
5- Orgánulos
An organelle (also called an organelle) is a small organ or compartment that has its own membrane and performs a specific function within a cell.
They are cell organelles: Ribosome , he Chloroplast and the mitochondria .
6- Cell Level
A cell is the structural and functional unit of every form of life. There are two Cell types : Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic cells do not have cell nuclei or organelles and their DNA is a circular molecule anchored to the plasma membrane.
A eukaryotic cell, on the other hand, does have cell nuclei and other organelles and its DNA forms linear chromosomes.
Examples of cells common in living things are nerve cells, muscle cells and epidermal cells.
7- Tissue Level
Tissues are a set of cells in a similar way that are linked and coordinate a specific function.
Examples of plant tissues are: parenchyma, vascular and meristematic. Examples of animal tissues are connective, muscular, epithelial or nervous tissue.
8- Organic Level
An organ is a set of tissues organized into a structural and functional unit of an organism.
Examples of plant organs are the leaves, petals and the primary root. Examples of animal organs: the liver, heart, muscles or brain .
9- Systems and Devices
A system is a set of organs that perform a specific function, such as root, stem or flowers in plants, or the circulatory system, the nervous system or the digestive system in animals.
All the organs that make up these systems and apparatuses work in a common relation for the achievement of a greater function or purpose.
10- Organisms or Individuals
Systems are organized in multicellular organisms. An individual living being is an organism.
Examples of plant organisms are a palm tree, a rose bush or an apple tree. In the case of animals, an ant, a horse or man.
11- Population
It is a set of organisms of the same species that live in a delimited area. By species is meant a set of living beings similar to each other or with the same characteristics.
An example of a population could be the population of pines in the forest, the bee population of a honeycomb, or humans in a given area, such as a city.
12- Community
A community is a set of populations in a delimited area. It consists of diverse populations ranging from bacteria, palm trees, reptiles, birds, fish, humans and many more.
In this way, one can speak of a community of plants in a garden, the community of mammals in the humid forest or the community of living beings of a reef.
13- Ecosystems
A community and the environment or physical environment that surrounds it constitute an ecosystem. Examples of ecosystems are the coral reef, the tundra, the desert, the savannah or the tropical forest.
Two types of factors make up the Ecosystems : Biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors is the environment, while among the biotics are mainly living beings.
14- Biosphere
All the ecosystems of the planet constitute the biosphere, which is the set of all living beings and the environments in which they coexist.
The biosphere is the layer that covers the surface of our planet; Is formed by the lithosphere or solid earth, the hydrosphere that constitute the lakes, rivers and seas, and by a part of the atmosphere.
References
- Luis Antonio and Enrique Mendoza Sierra. Conceptual Biology. Retrieved from mendoza-sierra.org
- Levels of organization of living matter. Recovered from espaciociencia.com
- Levels of organization of matter. Recovered from areaciencias.com
- Levels of organization of matter and living things. Recovered from cienciaybiologia.com
- The Nature of Science and Biology III. Recovered from biblioteca.org.ar
- The organization of living matter. Recovered from infobiologia.net.