Traditionally, four Types of fluids , Which are classified taking into account their properties and the changes that can present under the same atmospheric conditions. These are ideal fluid, real fluid, Newtonian fluid, and non-Newtonian fluid.
Other scientists take into account other methods of classification according to which fluids can be categorized according to the speed of movement of the fluid, its ability to be compressed, its viscosity and its rotational motion.
To begin with, fluids are substances that have no definite shape, which can flow Of easy way (of there its name) and that they can not resist any type of shearing force, reason why they are continuously deformed.
Fluids can be found in different states of matter: liquids, gases, plasma and some plastic solids make up the fluid group.
The term"fluids"is often used as a synonym for fluids. However, this excludes the presence of gases, plasmas and plastic solids as fluids, so it is not suitable.
Main types of fluids
Ideal Fluids
The ideal fluids are those that can not be compressed and have no viscosity.
Its name comes from the fact that it is an idealized fluid, since all existing fluids have a certain level of viscosity.
Real Fluids
Unlike the ideal fluids, the actual fluids do have viscosity. In general terms, all fluids are real fluids.
For example: water, kerosene, gasoline, oil.
Newtonian fluids
Newtonian fluids are those that behave according to the viscosity laws of Newton .
This means that the viscosity of the fluid does not vary according to the force applied to it. In addition to this, the viscosity decreases with increasing temperature.
For example: water, air, emulsions.
Non-Newtonian fluids
Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a behavior that could be considered abnormal because they do not follow Newton's laws.
AND In these fluids, viscosity varies with force. There are even cases in which non-Newtonian fluids can behave as solids if a constant force is applied.
For example: suspensions of corn starch in water (magic clay).
In a cup of water, add two cups of corn starch and stir. When the mixture is taken with the hands and a constant force is applied (kneading it with circular movements), the fluid changes from liquid to solid.
This behavior is only maintained while the force is being applied. If you stop kneading, the fluid returns to liquid.
Other examples of non-Newtonian fluids are sludge and cement. Other substances, such as blood, mucus, lava, mayonnaise, marmalade and chewable candies, have non-Newtonian fluids that give them the consistency they possess.
Types of fluids according to speed
According to the speed of movement of the fluids, these can be stable or unstable.
In stable fluids, velocity maintains its modulus, direction and direction throughout the fluid path.
However, in unstable fluids, the speed may vary. For example, the water in a river does not flow steadily: at some points it hits obstacles and retreats, swirls or changes direction.
Each of these movements implies changes in the vector of river movement.
Types of fluids according to their ability to be compressed
According to the ability to be compressed, the fluids can be compressible and non-compressible. Liquids are virtually impossible to compress, while gases have a large capacity to compress.
An example of the low compression capacity of fluids are hydraulic systems.
On the other hand, an example of the high capacity of compression that has the air are the balloons and the tires.
For example, a balloon can be filled with more air than its limits can withstand because the molecules that make up the air are compressed to give way to more air.
Types of fluids according to their viscosity
Viscosity is the level of resistance that a fluid presents to the action of shear forces. It is the measure of friction between the different layers that form a fluid; Such friction is given to set all the layers in motion.
For example, consider a mix to make a cake. When we use a trowel to remove the dough, only the portion of dough adjacent to the trowel moves.
But if we keep the blade in motion, friction will occur between the layers of the fluid, causing all of them to move.
The viscosity of a fluid varies with temperature. When the temperature of the fluid increases, the viscosity of the fluid decreases.
For example: let's consider maple syrup. When the syrup is in the bottle, it is sticky and sticky. However, when we put it on a hot waffle, it becomes more watery (it loses viscosity).
There are two types of fluids according to their viscosity: viscous and non-viscous. In practice, all fluids have viscosity, however, the level is higher in some. For example: the water is less viscous than the cake mix.
Types of fluids according to the rotary movement
According to the rotary motion, the fluids can be rotating or non-rotating.
To check what type of fluid is involved, you can put a small object on the fluid and let it be moved by it.
If the object rotates itself, then it is a rotating fluid. If the object follows a current, then the fluid is non-rotating.
For example, in a river, you can see how the water swirls around obstacles. At that time, the water movement is rotating.
Now consider the water in a tub that is being drained. For example, a rubber duck will spin around the drain but not on itself.
This means that you are following a current. Therefore, away from the vortex, the movement is non-rotating.
References
- Types of fluids in fluid Mechanics. Retrieved on August 1, 2017, from mechanicalbooster.com
- Fluid. Definition and Types. Retrieved on August 1, 2017, from mechteacher.com
- Types of fluids. Retrieved on August 1, 2017, from me-mechanicalengineering.com
- The different types of fluid flow. Retrieved on August 1, 2017, from dummies.com
- Types of Fluid. Retrieved on August 1, 2017, from mech4study.com
- Types of fluids. Retrieved on August 1, 2017, from es.slideshare.net
- Fluid. Retrieved on August 1, 2017, from en.wikipedia.org