The Mexican scientists Sustain the long history of science in their country, starting with the ancient civilizations that developed mathematics, astronomy, calendars, and solved problems such as water management for agriculture.
After the arrival of the European , Mexico (then called New Spain) was introduced into the realm of Western science. In 1551 the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico was established, which for more than a century was the center of the country's intellectual development.
However, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, when Mexico War of Independence , Scientific progress stagnated. However, during the Mexican Revolution , The country returned to advance in science and technology.
In the twentieth century, universities such as the National Polytechnic Institute, the Technological Institute of Monterrey and the National Autonomous University of Mexico were established in Mexico.
In 1960, science was institutionalized in Mexico, which was perceived as a valuable effort by Mexican society. In 1961, the Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute was established as a center for postgraduate studies in subjects such as biology, mathematics and physics.
Also in 1961, the institute began its postgraduate programs in physics and mathematics, and science schools were established in the Mexican states of Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Monterrey, Veracruz and Michoacán. The Academy for Scientific Research was established in 1968 and the National Science and Technology Council in 1971.
According to data provided by the World Bank, Mexico is currently the largest Latin American exporter of high technology goods (computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments and electrical machinery) with 17% of goods manufactured in 2012, according to World Bank.
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The 21 most prominent Mexican researchers
1- Luis Miramontes
The chemist Luis Miramontes invented the anticonceptive pill . In 1951, then-student Miramontes was led by George Rosenkranz, CEO of Syntex Corp, and researcher Carl Djerassi.
Miramontes invented a new procedure for the synthesis of progestin norethindrone, the active ingredient of what would become the oral contraceptive pill. Carl Djerassi, George Rosenkranz and Luis Miramontes received US Patent 2,744,122 for"oral contraceptives"on May 1, 1956. The first oral contraceptives marketed with Norinyl were manufactured by Syntex Corp.
2 - Victor Celorio
Victor Celorio patented the"Instabook Maker,"a technology for distributing eBooks by quickly and elegantly printing an offline copy.
Victor Celorio was granted US Patents 6012890 and 6213703 for his invention. Celorio was born on July 27, 1957 in Mexico City and is the president of Instabook Corporation, based in Gainesville, Florida.
Guillermo González Camarena
Guillermo González Camarena invented the first color television system. He received US patent 2296019 on September 15, 1942 for his"chromoscopic adapter for television equipment".
González Camarena publicly showed his color television with a transmission on August 31, 1946. The color transmission was transmitted directly from his laboratory in Mexico City.
Victor Ochoa
Victor Ochoa was a Mexican-American inventor. He is the inventor of a windmill, magnetic brakes, a wrench, and a reversible engine. His best known invention was the Ochoaplane, a small flying machine with folding wings.
The Mexican inventor was also a Mexican revolutionary: Ochoa offered a $ 50,000 reward for Porfirio Diaz, president of Mexico and attempted to overthrow the government in the early 1990s.
5 - José Antonio de la Peña
He is originally from Nuevo León and graduated from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) where he studied the career as a mathematician. It has a master's and doctorate.
He held the position of director of the Institute of Mathematics (1998-2006) and served as president (2002-2004) and vice president (2000-2002) of the Mexican Academy of Sciences and Coordinator of the Scientific and Technological Advisory Forum (2002-2004).
6- Manuel Peimbert
Peimbert won in 1971 the prestigious prize of the"Research of the Mexican Academy of Sciences". His specialty is astronomy, and he holds a master's and a doctorate from the University of Berkeley. In addition, he holds a chair at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
7- Adolfo Sánchez Valenzuela
Image recovered from YouTube.
Valenzuela holds a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Harvard University. He also holds a degree in physics from the UNAM. On the other hand, he is part of the Mexican Academy of Sciences and a recognized director of mathematical thesis.
8- José S. Guichard
He is in charge of the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics and a physicist received in the UNAM with masters and doctorate.
9- Daniel Malacara
Image retrieved from Conacyt Information Agency.
Malacara is originally from Guanajuato and author of more than 150 scientific works and 10 chapters in books specialized in optics. He was received as a physicist with the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He also holds a master's degree in science from the University of Rochester.
10- Jorge Flores Valdés
Valdés was director of the Institute of Physics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He received his Ph.D. in Physics and a postdoctoral degree from Princeton University.
11- José Luis Morán
This remarkable Mexican scientist is a physicist at the School of Physics of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi.
He then obtained his master's degree in theoretical physics from the National Polytechnic Institute and a doctorate from the University of Berlin. He also studied at the University of California.
12- Mario Molina
Molina won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1995 for his discoveries about threats to the ozone layer.
He received his degree from the Faculty of Chemistry of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, and then obtained his postgraduate degree in Germany. In 1972, he studied at the University of California.
13- Juan Ramón de la Fuente
This psychiatrist was important in the popularization of science in his country. He is also recognized for his political activity and for being a member of the Instituto Cervantes. Between 1999 and 2007, he was rector of the UNAM.
14- José Sarukhán
Recovered image of Academia Mexicana de la Lengua.
Rector of the UNAM from 1989 to 1997, Sarukhán holds a doctorate in science from the University of Wales. In his extensive career, he has received several honorary degrees in various universities.
15- Luis Felipe Rodríguez
Since 1979, Rodríguez has been a researcher at the Institute of Astronomy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. His specialty is radio astronomy. In 1978 he received his doctorate from Harvard University.
16- José Hernández-Rebollar
Image recovered from CBS News.
José Hernández-Rebollar invented the Acceleglove, a glove that can translate sign language into speech. By using sensors attached to the glove and arm, the device can now translate the alphabet and more than 300 words in sign language.
17- María González
Dr. María del Socorro Flores González won the MEXWII 2006 Award for her work on diagnostic methods for invasive amebiasis.
Maria Gonzalez patented processes to diagnose invasive amebiasis, a parasitic disease that kills more than 100,000 people each year.
18- Felipe Vadillo
Mexican scientist Felipe Vadillo patented a method to predict premature rupture of the fetal membrane in preadolescent women.
19- Juan Lozano
Juan Lozano is a Mexican scientist who invented the propulsive backpack (also known as jet pack).
The technological company Aeroespacial Mexicana Juan Lozano sold the backpack for a high price. Lozano has been working with hydrogen peroxide propulsion systems since 1975.
20- Emilio Sacristán
Emilio Sacristán, from Santa Úrsula Xitla, Mexico, invented a compressed air driven impeller for the pneumatic ventricular assist device.
21- Manuel Sandoval Vallarta
Retrieved image from NewsNet Conacyt.
Dr. Manuel Sandoval studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he earned a bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering.
At the age of 25, she also earned a doctorate in Mathematical Physics. In 1927, he studied under the tutelage of Albert Einstein, Max Plank, Erwin Shrödinger, Max von Laue and Hans Reichenbach.
References
- Mario Enrique Sánchez. The most important Mexican scientists. (2010). Recovered from archive.de10.com.mx.
- Ana Rodríguez. Outstanding scientists from Mexico. (2009). Recovered from archive.de10.com.mx.
- High-technology exports (current US $) (s.f.). Retrieved from data.worldbank.org.