Basically there are two Types of electricity ; The static and the dynamic. Electricity is a physical phenomenon that is generated in nature thanks to the existence and exchange of electric charges existing in subatomic particles.
These electrically charged particles flow through a material capable of conducting them, generating the electric current.
Electricity exists naturally in the atmosphere and is visible through lightning and lightning: the separation of positive and negative charges in the clouds generates electric fields that are discharged between clouds or from clouds to the earth.
From the seventeenth century serious scientific studies on electricity began to take place and in the nineteenth century the use and generation of electricity for domestic and industrial use was achieved.
As will be seen, the generation and massive use of electricity is relatively new and novel, but it would be impossible to imagine modern life without the presence of electric current.
This reality is sufficient proof that it has been one of the great scientific discoveries of history and an indispensable element in the world as we know it today.
The different types of electricity
Static electricity
Static electricity is the one we appreciate when we first take out the clothes from the dryer, when some clothes are stuck to others or when for no apparent reason we brush our hair and some rise making the task of brushing almost impossible.
Static electricity can also be seen when sticking out sheets of paper that have just come out of the printer and in other everyday activities. The reason for these phenomena is explained by the presence of static electricity.
Any atom has one or more positively charged protons and as many electrons negatively charged around the nucleus.
Generally the number of protons and electrons within the atom is the same, so the atom is electrically balanced, ie without electric charge. However, actions such as friction can generate loads that affect nearby objects.
When two different substances undergo this contact or energetic friction, the electrons of the atoms of one of the substances could come into contact with those of the other, producing an imbalance in the charges of those atoms, which then generate the static.
It is called static because it occurs in atoms in a situation of rest, or rather, because the load usually stays in a certain place of the material and does not move.
Static electricity does not behave the same way in all materials. In the cases mentioned above, such as some textile materials or paper, the behavior is approach.
But some materials will behave in the opposite way, that is, repel each other when charged with static electricity.
This behavior will depend on whether the charge of each material is positive or negative, ie if the existing imbalance in the atoms that compose it has more electrons (negative charge) or more protons (positive charge).
If the two materials in question have the same charge, the behavior of both will be away, they will repel. If, on the contrary, the materials have different charges (one positive and the other negative) then their behavior will be closer.
One of the most common ways of producing static electricity is by friction of objects.
It can also occur by contact or by induction, which is when the charge of a particular substance produces or induces a charge in another by the simple fact of approaching one another or by temperature difference / heating of certain minerals (pyroelectricity).
Electrical Engineering
Dynamic electricity is that produced by the existence of a permanent source of electricity that causes the constant circulation of electrons through a conductor. It is the kind of electricity truly useful because of its capacity for perennial renewal.
It is called dynamics because it occurs when electrons circulate and move from an atom to other atoms. This constant circulation is what produces the electric current.
The permanent sources of electricity necessary for the existence of the electric current, can be of chemical or electromechanical origin.
Among the most common chemical sources we can find the batteries, whose chemical compounds allow the storage of electrons inside; Inside the electromechanical sources we find the dynamos or coils.
The generation of electricity has to do almost exclusively with the generation of electrons, which in addition will need conductors that carry the negative charges.
Due to the presence of these conductors one can sometimes speak of another type of electricity, rather a different way of calling dynamic electricity, such as"behavioral electricity."
There are different types of electrically conductive materials, such as coal, aluminum, nickel, chromium, cadmium, lithium and other minerals.
Electromagnetism
This is an essential term in the study of electricity. Electricity and magnetism are closely related phenomena. In fact, there are two different aspects derived from the same property of matter, which is the electric charge.
The intensity of the electric current is determined by the magnetic field that it is capable of creating.
In 1820 Hans Oersted discovered almost by mistake the existence of the electromagnetic field, determining that magnetism was not only produced by the existence of magnets, but could also be produced by the existence of the electric current. This is how the term"electromagnetism"came about.
Subsequently, André Ampére stated that natural magnetism was produced by small electrical currents acting at the molecular level.
Faraday Maxwell also made their contributions to discover that magnetic fields can be generated through variable electric fields.
References
- Electricity. Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org
- Static electricity. Recovered from areatecnologia.com
- Types of electricity. Recovered from lostipos.com
- Static electricity. Recovered from fisicasuperficial.wordpress.com
- Static electricity. Recovered from thefisicaparatodos.wikispaces.com
- What is electricity? Recovered from e.coursera.org
- Static and dynamic electricity. Retrieved from exploratecnica.blogspot.com.ar.