How to Make a Bibliographic File?

We explained to you How to make a bibliographic record Or bibliography so that you can maintain a good organization during the process of writing any research document.

A bibliographic record usually includes the information of the citations that later you will use to create the bibliography of your research work.

How to make a bibliographic record for books or magazines

A collection of bibliographic indexes helps to create an index for the accelerated search of information (such as a catalog of a library).

This useful and extremely accessible system, given its low cost, widespread use at a planetary level, was invented by the Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus Around the year 1760.

Steps to make a bibliographic record

Step 1

You must make a new bibliography every time you find a new source. Remember that you have to give appropriate credit to all sources to avoid plagiarism.

Step 2

To begin to quote you must proceed as follows:

  • Write the author's last name, followed by a comma and a single name. If there is more than one author add the Latin locution Et al .
  • In the next line write the title of the article or book. If the source has no author, start with the title. To easily identify the title of the book, it must be underlined.
  • In the next line write the city of publication, followed by two points and the publisher of the book or the name of the magazine where the article was published, place a comma and write the year of publication. Generally all this information is on the next page after the title page.

If you are quoting a source obtained through the Internet, you have to add another line with the name of the web page and, in the next line, the word"Online".

Step 3

With so much information online these days (both in diversity and quantity), some citation styles require you to indicate where the information was found, so it is important to know where the source comes from. In addition, this brief location information will help you easily find the source again.

Leave a line and enter the location of the source. If you found the font in a library, enter the name of the library.

If you have found the source online, write the exact URL of the website, with the desirable goal that, if your readers wish, they can access the information themselves; And, in brackets, enter the date on which you accessed the website.

This latest information is highly relevant and relevant, as websites can change or disappear over time.

Step 4

We strongly recommend using the same size of bibliographic records throughout the research and writing clearly and orderly, so that when you need to return to that information, your search will be faster, more accurate and more organized.

Remember that there is too little precision to help you later in the general research process.

Once you have all your sources, you must place them in strict alphabetical order, according to the first word of each bibliographic record. Then list the tiles and you will get the corresponding number from each source.

Examples of bibliographic records

For a book:

Brown, Samuel

Money is the name of the game

Chicago: Bullet Publishers, 1998

CRLS Library

For an article in an online magazine:

Amber, Jeannine

If hip hop ruled the world

Essence, June 1997

InfoTrac Searchbank: General Reference Center

On-line

(16 March 1998)

Origin of bibliographic records

We mentioned at the beginning of the text that the bibliographic records were born from the hand of Carl Linnaeus. This avant-garde of methodology and"father of modern taxonomy"needed a system to organize data that could be easily expanded and reorganized, so he wrote each piece of individual data he added to his data collection.

However, bibliographic records, as they are known today, began to be used in libraries in the 1870s.

It should be noted that, once again and as always, every human innovation responds to the imminent satisfaction of a specific need: in this case we are dealing with data organization.

The most common size of the bibliographic index cards is 3 by 5 inches (76.2 by 127 mm). Other sizes available include 4 by 6 inches (101.6 by 152.4 mm), 5 by 8 inches (127 by 203.2 mm) and A7 size (2.9 by 4.1 inches or 74 by 105 Mm).

The bibliographic records must be made on the white cards that come with a red line and several blue lines printed on it.

However, there are a variety of cards in the market in variety of colors and with tabs that protrude to organize them better, as well as various boxes and trays to store such cards.

It was not until the 1980s that digitization of library catalogs began.

Therefore, prior to that date, the main tool used to locate the books was the bibliographic tabs in which each book was described in three cards, alphabetically classified under its title, author and theme.

The adoption of standard cataloging protocols in all nations with international agreements, together with the emergence of the Internet and the conversion of cataloging systems into digital storage and retrieval, has made obsolete the widespread use of bibliographic records for cataloging.

References

  1. Dean J. How to make bibliography cards for websites. Retrieved from: penandthepad.com.
  2. Gibaldi J. MLA handbook for writers of research papers (1984). New York: Modern Language Association of America.
  3. Hagler R. The bibliographic record and information technology (1997). American Library Association.
  4. McDonald M. How to make bibliography cards. Retrieved from: www.penandthepad.com
  5. Miller E, Ogbuji U, Mueller V, MacDougall K. Bibliographic framework as a web of data: linked data model and supporting services (2012). Library of Congress.
  6. Shewan E. Writing a research paper (2007). Illinois: Christian Liberty Press.
  7. Taylor A. The organization of information (2009). Westport: Libraries Unlimited.


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