He Whey and S a solution of dextrose in water that is applied intravenously. It is used to treat fluid loss and to provide the body with energy (Drugs.com, 2000-2017). Figure 1 shows the image of an intravenous bag of glucose serum.
The solution can be 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 70 percent, which would be solutions Hypertonic They generate Osmotic pressure As the water moves to the outside of the cell). At five percent, it would be a solution Isotonic (Does not generate osmotic pressure). 5% glucose solutions are most commonly used.
Dextrose is the name of a simple sugar, which is extracted from cereals like corn And is chemically identical to glucose (blood sugar).
Dextrose is often used as a sweetener in baking products, and can commonly be found in items such as processed foods and corn syrup. It is a carbohydrate of formula C6H12O6 (Rachel Nall, 2016). Its structure is illustrated in figure 2.
Figure 2: Structure of the Dextrose.
Glucose is one of the body's major metabolites that can be used to produce energy. Its excess is stored in the form of Glycogen And triglycerides.
Description of Glucose Serum
The 5% Dextrose Solution is sterile and non-pyrogenic. It is a parenteral solution, which contains dextrose in water for injection intended for intravenous administration.
Each 100 mL of 5% serum contains 5 grams of dextrose dissolved in water for injection. The caloric value is 170 kcal / L and the pH of the solution is 4.3.
The Osmolarity Is 252 mOsmol, which is slightly isotonic. However, once the glucose solution enters the body, the cells quickly consume glucose. This mainly leaves water and causes the serum to become hypotonic in relation to the plasma that surrounds the cells.
Consequently, the now hypotonic solution causes osmotic displacement of water to and from the bloodstream and into the cells (Intravenous Fluid, 2005).
This solution does not contain any bacteriostatic agent, antimicrobial agent or added buffer, and is intended solely as a single dose injection. When smaller doses are required, the unused portion should be discarded.
5% glucose serum is a fluid Parenteral And replenishment nutrient. It is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate (C6H12O6 • H2O) (dextrose (Dextrose monohydrate injection, solution, 2007).
Prescriptions and uses
5% and 10% dextrose solutions are used to provide fluids and energy to patients. 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 70% dextrose solutions are used for proteins and nutrients in intravenous feed formulations (Omudhome Ogbru, 2015).
Fever, vomiting, and diarrhea can cause rapid dehydration. Infants and children are especially vulnerable to dehydration. Athletes who have over-exercised in hot climates may also require intravenous (IV) fluid rehydration.
An IV for rehydration may be in place for several hours to several days, and is generally used if a patient can not drink liquids (Advameg, Inc, S.F.).
Through glucose transporters, Glut , A co-transport process occurs with water, sodium and glucose. In this process, these three molecules enter together from the intestinal lumen, into the Epithelial cell , And thence into the intravascular compartment.
According to Valmore Bermúdez (2007):"The increase in the concentration of these two solutes generates enough osmotic force to drive the movement of water towards the epithelial cell in a quantity of about 9-10 liters of H2O in 24 hours, The reabsorption of about 180 liters of water per day in the renal tubules, which explains the effective rehydration process performed by this type of serum.
Glucose serum is also used to treat hypoglycemia and insulin shock. It is also used for nutritional support to patients who can not eat due to illness, injury or other medical condition.
In addition, it is sometimes used as a diluent (liquid) for the preparation of injectable drugs in an intravenous bag. A diluent provides a large amount of fluid in which to dilute a small amount of medicine.
The diluent helps carry the drug into your bloodstream through the IV. This helps doctors inject the medicine slowly and more safely into the body.
This medication should not be used if you are allergic to dextrose. To ensure that 5% dextrose in water can safely be used, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
- Diabetes
- Respiratory problems.
- Electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in the blood).
- Renal or hepatic disease.
- Any food allergy or medication.
- If you receive regular blood transfusions.
In case of pregnancy it is not known if 5% dextrose in the water will harm the unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication.
It is not known whether 5% dextrose in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. This medicine should not be used without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Side effects and risks
Glucose serum should be discontinued and call a doctor immediately if you have a serious side effect such as:
- Severe burning, pain or swelling around the IV needle.
- Heat, redness, suppuration or bleeding where IV was placed.
- Fever, constant cough.
- High blood sugar.
- Headache, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, weakness, feeling of instability, hallucinations, fainting, seizures, shallow breathing or stopping breathing.
- Low potassium.
- Anxiety, sweating, pale skin, lack of severe air, wheezing, pain, rapid or irregular heartbeat.
Less serious side effects may include:
- Mild irritation around needle IV.
- Stomach ache.
- Swelling in hands or feet.
This is not a complete list of side effects, others may occur. Call your doctor for advice about side effects and how to treat them.
References
- Advameg, Inc. (S.F.). Intravenous rehydration. Retrieved from healthofchildren.com: healthofchildren.com.
- Dextrose (Dextrose monohydrate) injection, solution. (2007, April). Retrieved from dailymed.nlm.nih.gov: dailymed.nlm.nih.gov.
- com. (2000-2017). Dextrose 5% in water. Retrieved from Drugs.com: drugs.com.
- Intravenous Fluid. (2005, September 3). Retrieved from catalog.pearsoned.co.uk: catalog.pearsoned.co.uk.
- Omudhome Ogbru, P.J. (2015, September 28). Dextrose monohydrate solution. Retrieved from MedicineNet.com: medicinenet.com.
- Rachel Nall, R.B. (2016, July 29). Dextrose. Retrieved from healthline.com.
- Valmore Bermudez, F.B. (2007). Molecular biology of glucose transporters: classification, structure and distribution. Venezuelan Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Volume 26, number 2, 2007, 76-86. Scielo.org.ve.