Dialectural Variants: Types and 17 Examples

The Dialect variants Are variations of a given language, which are given according to geographical location and despite these, is understood by all, does not affect communication or modify the language as a unit.

This means that within a territory that speaks the same language, there may be slight variations or small differences due to the particular characteristics of each particular area.

Dialect variants examples

No language is uniform, is determined by various factors that are constantly changing, so that in any territory can be found variants in language: these variants are what are known as dialects.

Although the dialect is often considered as a kind of system of lower category or simpler than a language, it is actually a particular way of speaking or writing that particular language.

It may be said then that a language is actually the sum of all dialects - regional or group forms of speech - as well as idiolects - personal speech forms - sociolects and styles that exist in a given historical moment.

Reasons for dialect variants

The reasons for these variants are diverse: some may date from many years, and others may have been introduced in the most recent language. In general lines it can be said that some of the reasons of the dialect variants are:

1- The historical moment

2- The region

3- Technological innovations

4- The fashion

5- The social changes

6- The migratory waves

7- Globalization and transculturization

Types of dialect variants

Diatopic variant

It is the one that causes differences in the language determined by geographic causes, like climate, height, isolation, etc.

It gives rise to the formation of regional dialects or regionalisms. Examples of these are the peninsular dialects, Caribbean, etc. This is the dialectal variant itself.

Diaphasic variant

It determines language difference caused by style or personal way of expressing oneself.

In the style, the connotations or concomitant details of non-linguistic character accompanying the word, such as the intonation of the speaker, are of special importance.

Diachronic variant

In this variant, changes in language have to do with the passage of time. They are slow changes that can only be seen over a long period of time.

Diastrática variant

It is a socio-cultural variable that mainly influences the cultural and socio-economic level of the speakers.

Dialect variants can also be classified according to their origin in:

Indigenisms

They are words incorporated into the language that come from the languages ​​of aboriginal peoples.

Regionalisms

They are differences of vocabulary, grammar or intonation of the language in different regions within the same country or territory.

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They are words belonging to other languages ​​that have been incorporated with the same or different meaning.

Examples of dialect variants

Dialectural Variants: Types and 17 Examples

Dialectical Variants: Types and 17 Examples 1

Dialect Variants: Types and 17 Examples 2

Some peculiarities of the dialect variants

Peoples located in heights or cold climates tend to have a slower and slower speech and use less words than those settled in coasts or warm climates.

In some cases, dialects or"key"forms of speech are developed, such as the lunfardo case in Argentina or the coba in Ecuador.

Although they originated by particular situations of a certain historical moment, many words have been acquired by the population in general and have incorporated them into language.

Dialects within countries: in Spain, for example, they are clearly identifiable since they use different words and very different pronunciations (Galician, Canary, Madrilenian).

However, in other countries the differences are more subtle and are noticeable more by the intonation than by the difference of words proper.

For example, in Colombia there are very marked differences between the coastal and the Andean, and within these dialects, other variants can be found (cartagenero, guajiro, etc., or tolimense, santandereano, Antioqueño, etc.).

In some cases the dialect is given a pejorative charge or described in terms of the small number of people who speak it, however, this should not be considered literally.

The dialects are not degenerations of the language, but regional variations of the same. For example, the Spaniards who colonized America considered the languages ​​spoken by the natives to be dialects, when in reality, at that time, they were the formal languages ​​of America.

Another example: Chinese Mandarin can be considered a dialect derived from Chinese, and it is spoken by hundreds of millions of people.

A clear example of the dialects influenced by the geographical regions is given in, for example, in Portugal, the dialect of the Transmontano and the high-miñoto have many similarities with the Galician by its proximity with Galicia.

Another good example is the coastal region of Colombia, where the way of speaking is more similar to that of Venezuela than the rest of the Colombians.

Likewise, Venezuelans in the Andean region speak more closely to Colombians than to Venezuelans.

References

  1. Consuelo Yánez Cossío (2007). An Introduction to General Linguistics. Quito, Ecuador.
  2. Ronald Ross (1982). Investigating the syntax of Spanish. Editorial State University at a Distance. San Jose Costa Rica.
  3. How do you say in your country... Recovered from mamalatinaenphilly.com.


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