Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks

He calcium phosphate Is a set of compounds consisting of calcium and various types of phosphate. Is The main form of calcium present in cow's milk, bones, and tooth enamel.

In industry and in the home they are used predominantly as food additives and as polishing compounds in toothpastes and in the production of fertilizers.

Calcium phosphate highlighted in white on a buccal radiograph

  • Formulas
Monocalcium phosphate Dicalcium phosphate Tricalcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite
Formulas Ca (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 Chapo 4 AC 3 Po 4 ) 2 AC 5 Po 4 ) 3 (OH)
  • CAS : 7758-23-8 Calcium diacid phosphate (Monocalcium phosphate)
  • CAS : 7757-93-9 Calcium Acid Phosphate (Dicalcium Phosphate)
  • CAS : 7789-77-7 Calcium Acid Phosphate Dihydrate (Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate)
  • CAS : 7758-87-4 Tricalcium Phosphate (Tricalcium Phosphate)
  • CAS : 12167-74-7 Hydroxyapatite (Durapatite)

2D structure

Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks Calcium diacid phosphate (Monocalcium phosphate) Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 1 Calcium Acid Phosphate Dihydrate (Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate) Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 2 Tricalcium Phosphate (Tricalcium Phosphate) Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 3 Hydroxyapatite

3D structure

Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 4 Calcium diacid phosphate (monocalcium phosphate) / Molecular model of bars and spheres Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 5 Calcium diacid phosphate (monocalcium phosphate) / Molecular model of full space Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 6 Calcium Acid Phosphate Dihydrate (Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate) / Molecular Model of Bars and Spheres Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 7 Calcium Acid Phosphate (Dicalcium Phosphate) / Molecular model of full space Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 8 Tricalcium Phosphate (Tricalcium Phosphate) / Molecular model of bars and spheres Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 9 Tricalcium Phosphate (Tricalcium Phosphate) / Molecular model of full space Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 10 Hydroxyapatite / Molecular model of bars and spheres Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 11 Hydroxyapatite. Molecular model of full space

characteristics

Physical and chemical properties

Monocalcium phosphate Dicalcium phosphate Tricalcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite
Formulas Ca (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 Chapo 4 AC 3 Po 4 ) 2 AC 5 Po 4 ) 3 (OH)
Molecular weight: 234.05 g / mol 136,056 g / mol 310.174 g / mol 502.306 g / mol
Boiling point: 203 ° C
Melting point: 109 ° C It decomposes At high pressure at 1391 ° C
Density: 2.220 g / cm 3 2,929 g / cm 3 3.14 g / cm 3
Water solubility 2 g / 100 mL 0.02 g / 100 mL 0.002 g / 100 g

Toxicity

Significant toxicity from exposure to calcium is very rare. Hypercalcemia can cause abdominal pain, delirium, and kidney stones. Prolonged ingestion of alkaline calcium salts can cause metabolic alkalosis and hypercalcemia.

Applications

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate (monocalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium bisphosphate, monobasic calcium phosphate, monocalcium orthophosphate), Ca (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 H 2 O-H 2 O is mainly used as a leavening agent in the production of yeast flour.

Other applications are mineral food enrichment, as a stabilizer for dairy products, and as a feed additive in place of calcium hydrogen phosphate. It is also used in the production of plasters, as retardant.

Calcium hydrogen phosphate [CAS: 7757-93-9], (dicalcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid) CaHPO 4 , Is used in the food industry for the mineral enrichment of various products.

It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a pelletizing agent and thickener, and as a component of fertilizers for tropical soils.

Calcium hydrogen phosphate, in its dihydrate form, and sometimes its anhydrous salt, is used as a mineral supplement in feed.

The dihydrate is used as a component of toothpastes because of its polishing properties and low abrasiveness. It is also used to prevent hardening of these toothpastes.

Tricalcium phosphate [CAS: 7758-87-4], (tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate tribasic) Ca 3 Po 4 ) 2 , Is added to various substances such as table salt, sugar and fertilizers, as anti-caking agent.

It is used in toothpaste containing calcium hydrogen phosphate to adjust the polishing force. It is also used in the manufacture of luminescent materials.

Hydroxyapatite, [CAS: 12167-74-7] (hydroxylapatite, durapatite), Ca 5 Po 4 ) 3 OH, is the mineral component of bones and teeth. It has been used therapeutically as an aid in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Industrially, it is formed by complete neutralization of phosphoric acid with slaked lime and subsequent filtration, drying and grinding. Commercial tricalcium phosphate consists mainly of hydroxyapatite.

Women with primary biliary cirrhosis poorly absorb calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D, and develop an accelerated thinning of the bone cortex.

The usefulness of hydroxyapatite in these cases has been evaluated, with significant growth of bone cortex thickness in patients treated with hydroxyapatite, compared to patients in the control group (untreated).

Clinical effects

  • Calcium is a cation that is necessary for many physiological activities, some of which are little known. It is essential for the normal functioning of systems and organs, including muscles, nervous system And cardiac function.
  • Similarly, phosphates are important for the normal functioning of the body, and are an essential part of teeth and bones. Defects in its metabolism have been evidenced in a variety of diseases, such as: osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism.
  • Acute calcium poisoning is rare. It is produced almost exclusively by its intravenous administration. Symptoms of hypercalcaemia include lethargy, muscle weakness, vomiting, nausea, and constipation.
  • Some calcium salts cause gastrointestinal irritation.
  • Slight skin exposure to calcium caustic salts may cause dermal irritation.
  • Life-threatening manifestations are very rare and include complications ranging from altered mental states to aspiration pneumonia and cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Phosphoric acid at high concentrations is corrosive to all the tissues it comes in contact with.
  • May cause severe skin burns in concentrations of 75% or more.
  • Inhalation of vapor or mist may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract or cough.
  • When ingested, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, acidosis, shock and irritation or burns of the oropharyngeal mucosa, esophagus and stomach may occur.

Safety and risks

Hazard statements of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed system, created by the United Nations and designed to replace the various classification and labeling standards used in different countries through the use of globally consistent criteria.

The hazard classes (and their corresponding GHS chapter), classification and labeling standards, and recommendations for monocalcium phosphate are as follows (European Chemicals Agency, 2017, United Nations, 2015, PubChem, 2017):

Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 12 (United Nations, 2015, p.382). Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 13 (United Nations, 2015, p.384).

The hazard classes (and their corresponding GHS chapter), classification and labeling standards, and recommendations for dicalcium phosphate are as follows (European Chemicals Agency, 2017, United Nations, 2015, PubChem, 2017): (United Nations , 2015, p.395).

Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 14 (United Nations, 2015, p.385). Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 15 (United Nations, 2015, p.371). Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 16 (United Nations, 2015, p.399). Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 17 (United Nations, 2015, p.401).

The hazard classes (and their corresponding GHS chapter), classification and labeling standards, and recommendations for dicalcium phosphate dihydrate are as follows (European Chemicals Agency, 2017, United Nations, 2015, PubChem, 2017):

Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 18 (United Nations, 2015, p.382). Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 19 (United Nations, 2015, p.385). Calcium Phosphate: Formulas, Uses and Risks 20 References (United Nations, 2015, p.395).

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