10 Microorganisms Harmful to the Human Being

Some of the microorganisms harmful to humans most common are Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella or Bacillus cereus.

Microorganisms are harmful to the human being when they bring diseases to the body, attacking the cells vital for the functioning of the organism.

10 Microorganisms Harmful to the Human Being

These harmful microorganisms can be divided into three major groups:

"The first are bacteria. They are unicellular and have no nucleus. These can live inside or outside a cell and release toxins. In turn, bacteria are classified into cocci, bacilli and spirilos.

"The second harmful microorganisms are viruses, although they are not considered living things but primitive particles containing DNA or RNA. Viruses must enter the interior of the cells to reproduce and infect them by changing their genetic material.

"Lastly, we have the mushrooms." These can cause infections in the external parts of the bodies. For example, the skin or mucous membranes, which are in constant contact with the outside.

To get rid of these microorganisms man needs to fight them with antibiotics, antivirals or antimycotics, depending on the case.

Common microorganisms harmful to humans

1- Escherichia coli

It lives inside the intestines and is one of the most studied bacteria. It helps in the digestive process and produces vitamins B and K.

But, in moments of low defenses can affect the human organism, especially the urinary and digestive tract.

Diseases that cause: kidney failure, hemorrhagic diarrhea.

2- Mycobacterium tuberculosis

It is one of the oldest known microorganisms. It is also known as Tisis.

Any organ can become diseased, the lungs and liver being most commonly affected.

It is highly resistant to cold and affected by heat. It infects an average of 9 million people annually.

3- Streptococcus pneumoniae

It can cause sinusitis, otitis and pneumonia. These infections are becoming increasingly lethal and acute in underdeveloped countries.

This bacterium functions as a single agent or can act associated with a virus.

Meningitis is one of his most worrying presentations. It is exclusive to humans.

4- Salmonella

It is a bacterium that can cause multiple diseases, the main ones are diarrheas.

It is a genus of bacilli that is divided into two species: Salmonella bongori and Samonella enterica.

This bacteria can withstand several weeks in dry environments, without water. It is spread by feces and urine.

5- Yersinia pestis

It is a gammaproteobacteria that can cause plague.

It causes an infection that lodges in the lymph nodes, the blood or the lungs.

It is lodged in the rodents but is transmitted with the bite of an oriental flea that lives in the rats.

6- Tetanospamine

It releases an enormously potent neurotoxin. It can be found as a spore that lives in the soils up to 40 years old with the capacity to infect.

Its spores penetrate the wounds and invade the organism. He was known for his relationship to wounds and convulsions.

7- Vibrio cholerae

It produces cholera, a very infectious and contagious disease. It consists of diarrhea and rapid dehydration.

8- Treponema pallidum

It is a bacterium of the genus esquiroqueta. It causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease.

It is quite fragile and does not survive much outside the body. Its best antidote is penicillin.

9- Bacillus cereus

She is responsible for complex food poisoning. Causes diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

It is present in food and multiplies easily at room temperature.

10- Mycobacterium leprae

Also known as the Hansen bacillus, it is the bacterium that causes leprosy.

It mainly affects the nerves, the skin, the respiratory tract and the eyes. They have fast reproduction, making it contagious.

References

  1. Beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria. (2013). Science of nature 1º eso. Recovered from es.slideshare.net
  2. Brock - Biology Of Microorganisms 10th Ed
  3. National Institute of Hygiene and security in Trbajao. Clostridium tetani. Databio. Recovered from insht.es
  4. World Health Organization. Microbiology of M.leprae. Recovered from who.in
  5. World Health Organization. (2016). Salmonella (non-typhoid). Recovered from who.int
  6. PREADO J., VALERIA. (2001). Microbiological concepts of Streptococcus pneumoniae: BASIC MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS. Chilean Journal of Infection, 18 (Suppl 1), 6-9.


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