There are many Examples of catabolism and anabolism In living beings, such as digestion, photosynthesis, fermentation or mitosis.
Catabolism and anabolism are two chemical processes of Cells Which act in independent phases and which together form the Metabolism of living beings. Living things need energy to be able to live, this energy is obtained through a molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
In all processes of transformation of energy, heat is generated, which is why all living things give off heat.
Catabolism disintegrates molecules into smaller units through a series of chemical reactions that release energy during this process.
Catabolism is responsible for creating the energy needed by anabolism for the synthesis of hormones, enzymes, sugars and other substances that produce cell growth, reproduction and tissue repair.
Anabolism is built or reorganized molecules through a series of chemical reactions, making them more complex. Normally during this process the use of energy is necessary.
10 examples of catabolism and anabolism
5 examples of catabolism
1- Digestion
By eating the body it breaks down the organic nutrients into components easier to use for the body. In this process energy is released, which accumulates inside the body's ATP molecules. This stored energy is the one used for reactions in the anabolism phase.
2- Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration consists of breaking large molecules of organic compounds (mainly glucose) into smaller ones releasing the energy needed to nourish cellular activities and produce the ATP molecules.
In cellular respiration the sugars (glucose) are converted into ATP molecules. These ATP molecules are found in all living things.
3- The fermentation
It consists of a way to obtain energy, in the absence of oxygen, that breaks down glucose. This is an incomplete oxidation process.
Muscle cells perform the fermentation of lactic acid when they have little oxygen. This happens for example, after performing physical exercise.
This lactic acid produced in the muscle cells is transported by the blood to the liver, where it is converted again and is processed in normal way in the cellular respiration.
4- Aerobic physical exercise
It is that exercise that consumes oxygen and burns calories and fat. Within this type of exercises would be: riding a bicycle, swimming, dancing or any physical activity whose duration is equal to or greater than 20 minutes with moderate intensity.
The duration of physical activity is very important because after 20 minutes of activity, the body experiences changes in the use of glucose and glycogen that uses fat to maintain the energy needs of the body.
The chemical reactions caused by catabolism provide the body with all the energy it needs to perform a physical activity.
5- Krebs Cycle
It is the final stage of oxidation, it is also known as the citric acid cycle. This process is present in each and every cell of living beings. In this process of cellular respiration, proteins and fats are assimilated, transforming them into energy.
5 examples of anabolism
1- Photosynthesis
It is the process that plants, algae and some bacteria use to transform sunlight into chemical energy and thus they can feed, grow and develop.
In order for photosynthesis to be carried out, chlorophyll is necessary, which is present in the leaves, as this is responsible for the absorption of light suitable for it to be realized.
Chlorophyll is the one that gives the green color to the plants. It catches the sunlight along with the carbon dioxide and transforming the sap from raw to processed, which is its food. Plants in turn produce oxygen and expel it through the leaves.
2- Protein Synthesis
It involves the construction of proteins from the essential amino acids.
3- Synthesis of carbohydrates
Degeneration of sugars such as lactose and sucrose is transformed in the production of glucose. This whole process is produced by stimulation of the insulin hormone.
4- Mitosis
It is the process by which a single cell is transformed into two identical cells, this is known as cell division. The main reason for mitosis is cell growth and replacing already worn cells.
This cell division is composed of 4 phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Many cells when they are in adulthood can not be divided, such as neurons, muscle fibers or red blood cells.
5- Physical exercise to build muscle mass
To build muscle mass, muscles have to be exercised with a high intensity of short duration, no more than two minutes.
The meaning of anaerobic is airless. This type of exercise improves muscle strength and increases the ability to move quickly.
Some of these types of exercise are: weight lifting, speed racing or jumping rope.
Catabolism and Anabolism: Necessary Hormones
Catabolic Hormones
- Cortisol : The"stress hormone". It increases blood pressure and blood sugar, reducing the immune response.
- Glucagon : Stimulates glycogen (stored carbohydrates in the liver, used as energy during physical activity) of the liver which causes a rise in blood sugar levels.
- Adrenalin : It increases the heart beat and opens the bronchioles of the lung.
- Cytokines : They are responsible for the communication between cells. They are produced by an immune system response.
Anabolic Hormones
- Growth Hormone: releases the hormone somatomedin, causing growth.
- Insulin: is responsible for the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
- Testosterone: is a male hormone that develops its sexual characteristics.
- Estrogen: is a female hormone that develops its sexual characteristics.
References
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