The Authors of the Latin American vanguardism Most popular are César Abraham Vallejo Mendoza, Vicente Huidobro, Oliverio Girondo, Oswald de Andrade, Mário de Andrade, Jorge Luis Borges, Pablo Neruda, José Ortega y Gasset, Gonzalo Arango and Manuel Maples Arce.
The vanguard is a French term originally used to describe"the main part of an army or naval force that advances"(Oxford English Dictionary Online-vanguard), but has been appropriate to indicate"new and experimental ideas and methods in the art"Oxford English Dictionary Online-avant-garde).
From left to right: Jorge Luis Borges, Oliverio Girondo, José Ortega y Gasset
Latin American avant-garde art has a rich and colorful history that took place between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and which is often still ignored by the western academy. It is characterized by a conscience and reaction to the turbulent and sometimes violent social and political history of the region.
Avant-garde artists are considered to be Vanguard Of the limits of artistic practice, experimenting before the public is able to catch up.
They are not subject to the strict rules of academic realism that were so popular in the past and therefore have the luxury of representing subjects that are not instantly recognizable.
Latin American avant-garde artists deserve the same level of acclaim as Western artists.
A key element of Latin American culture, which is represented in its art, is hybridization. A mixture of ethnic groups unites to bring different elements, creating a rich and unique culture.
You may be interested 10 Very Representative Vanguard Poems .
The 10 leading avant-garde authors in Latin America
The great number of ethnicities, cultures and experiences denies the possibility of a universal artistic style, reason why all the Latin American artists can not be limited to a particular movement.
However, Latin American vanguardism managed to bring together many of the artists and playwrights of the time.
1- César Abraham Vallejo Mendoza
Peruvian poet who in exile became an important voice of social change in Latin American literature, being an important part of the Latin American avant-garde movement.
Although he only published a triumvirate of poetic works, he is esteemed like a great poetic inventor of Century XX.
He was always one step ahead of the literary currents, each one of his books being different from the others and, in his own sense, revolutionary.
2 - Vicente Huidobro
He was a Chilean poet, self-proclaimed father of the fleeting avant-garde movement known as Creacionismo.
Huidobro was a prominent figure in the literary vanguard after World War I. He worked both in Europe (Paris and Madrid) and in Chile, and made extensive efforts to present contemporary European innovations, especially in French, in the form of poetry and images to his compatriots.
3- Oliverio Girondo
He was an Argentine poet. He was born in Buenos Aires in a relatively rich family, which allowed him to travel to Europe from a very young age, where he studied both in Paris and in England.
He is perhaps the most famous Latin American avant-garde for his participation in Proa, Prisma and Martín Fierro magazines, which marked the beginning of ultraism, the first of the avant-garde movements that came to settle in Argentina.
4- Oswald de Andrade
He was a Brazilian poet and polemist. He was born and spent most of his life in São Paulo. Andrade was one of the founders of Brazilian modernism and a member of the Group of Five, together with Mário de Andrade, Anita Malfatti, Tarsila do Amaral and Menotti del Picchia. He participated in the Week of Modern Art (Modern Art Week).
Andrade is also very important for his manifesto of Brazilian nationalism critical, Manifesto Anthropophagus , Published in 1928.
His argument is that Brazil's history of"cannibalizing"other cultures is its greatest strength, playing at the same time the primitivist interest of the modernists in cannibalism as a supposed tribal rite.
Cannibalism becomes a way for Brazil to assert itself against European post-colonial cultural domination.
5 - Mário de Andrade
He was a poet, novelist, musicologist, historian, art critic and Brazilian photographer. One of the founders of Brazilian modernism, he virtually created modern Brazilian poetry with the publication of his Paulicéia Desvairada in 1922.
Andrade was the central figure in the avant-garde movement of São Paulo for twenty years.
Formed as a musician and better known as a poet and novelist, Andrade personally participated in practically all the disciplines related to São Paulo's modernism, becoming the national scholar of Brazil.
Jorge Luis Borges
He was an Argentine writer, essayist, poet and translator, a key figure in Latin American literature. The works of Borges have contributed to the philosophical literature and the genre of fantasy.
His most famous books, Fictions and Aleph, published in the 1940s, are collections of stories interconnected by common themes, including dreams, labyrinths, libraries, mirrors, fictional writers, philosophy and religion.
7- Pablo Neruda
He was a Chilean poet, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971. Most of his works have been translated into many other languages.
Neruda Became known as a poet when he was 10 years old. Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez once called Neruda"the greatest poet of the twentieth century in any language."
Neruda wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealistic poems, historical epics, openly political manifestoes, an autobiography of prose, and passionate love poems such as those in his collection"Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair"(1924 ).
Neruda often wrote in green ink, which was his personal symbol for desire and hope.
8- José Ortega y Gasset
He was a Spanish philosopher and humanist who greatly influenced the cultural and literary renaissance of Spain in the twentieth century.
He was professor of the University of Madrid and founder of several publications, among them the Journal of the West , Which promoted the translation and commentary of the key figures and trends of contemporary philosophy.
9- Gonzalo Arango
He was a Colombian poet, journalist and philosopher. During a repressive phase of government in the 1940s, he led a literary movement known as Nothingness (Nothingness).
He and other young Colombian thinkers of his generation in the movement were inspired by the Colombian philosopher Fernando González Ochoa.
10- Manuel Maples Arce
He was a poet, writer, art critic, lawyer and Mexican diplomat, especially known as the founder of the movement Estridentismo . He is considered one of the most important Latin American avant-garde of the twentieth century.
References
- Merlin H. Forster, Kenneth David Jackson. (1990). Vanguardism in Latin American Literature: An Annotated Bibliographical Guide. Google Books: Greenwood Press.
- González Viaña, Eduardo (2008). Vallejo in the underworld. Barcelona: Alfaqueque. ISBN 9788493627423.
- Chad W. Post (April 14, 2014). "2014 Best Translated Book Awards: Poetry Finalists". Three Percent. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
- Jauregui, Carlos, A."Anthropophagy."Dictionary of Latin American Cultural Studies. Edited by Robert McKee Irwin and Mónica Szurmuk (eds.). Gainesville: The University Press of Florida (2012): 22-28.
- Foster, David,"Some Formal Types in the Poetry of Mário de Andrade,"Luso-Brazilian Review 2,2 (1965), 75-95.
- Borges, Jorge Luis,"Autobiographical Notes,"The New Yorker, 19 September 1970.
- Pablo Neruda (1994). Late and posthumous poems, 1968-1974. Grove Press.